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by jjohnson » Fri Nov 14, 2014 11:46 pm
Tayga, you have hit the nail on the head. Skepticism is one of the core precepts in scientific dialog - its point is to continuously make people think carefully and ask themselves questions like, "is that statement well supported by observation, experiments, and/or data?" or, "What are the underlying assumptions we are dealing with in this subject, and are they valid? If not, what do we do about it?"
Too many people don't want to have their ideas challenged, even though in science, every theory is considered temporary until the net better one comes along. It is human nature to believe that one's ideas are solid, becasue it lends a sense of security to the world. Plus, if you read Kahneman, you realize that System 1 in the mind, the unconscious reflexive system, is designed to be fast, whicle the conscious, critical-thinking or cerebral system is very detail oriented and through, and is slow. It is also lazy, and will give in to System1 every chance it can. We have to work to think critically.
Being a skeptic doesn't mean something "bad"; a skeptic does not disbelieve anyone for the fun of it; she takes the time to ask the hard questions, to learn something new or useful, to get to know things and people better.
Thinking critically means paying attention to details, being rigorous in logic and methods, doing things thoroughly and well, keeping notes and recording data for others to use or disporive, etc. Too many people confuse "critical" with "criticize", and get defensive. If they were only good critical thinkers, they'd know the meanings or words well enough to understand the difference, and avoid being hostile!
Science should be collegial and polite. We're all in this together, and sure, some are passionate about what they enjoy and how they discuss things. But at the end of the day, the right stuff needs to stay with us and the chaff can be safely discarded after due process. Being mad or goading others, or being arrogant or impolite, short circuits good thinking, and makes you very unwelcome. It also simply waste's everyone's time.
Most of science has to be based on assumptions, if for no other reason than we don't know everything, and logic compels us to fill in the unknown blanks at the git-go, at the start of a theory or a hypothesis or even guesswork. We are way too lax about reminding ourselves and our audience of just what assumptions went in to the beginning. If we had the luxury of knowing everything, we'd have no need to make assumptions, would we? Assumptions, however, can be tested, and should be from time to time. Sometimes they are demonstrated to have been wrong, or misleading. "The stars and planets circle around the Earth, on large transparent spheres. We can see that." Can someone spot an assumption in there?
We need to ask ourselves more often, "What else that we can think of might also explain what we observe, or explain it in better detail, or with more fidelity and within narrower error margins?" A lot of people believe the science press without question becasue, a) they let themselves lazily use System 1 instead of critical thinking System 2, and b) the science press knows how to write attention-getting prose, emotional headlines, and present dramatic artists' interpretations of "alien life forms" or "shocking binary black holes merge and create stupendous gamma ray burst!!!"
I swear I am not making this up. Just read the headlines. They all do it. It attracts readership, if not thoughtful readers.
Be thoughtful, and optimistically, constructively critical in your thinking. Be courteous and listen while others express their ideas. Avoid places where bad behavior is tolerated or encouraged. Understand that civil discourse is a better means to an end than are bullying or dismissive statements. No one knowns it all. What fun would it be if we did?
Jim