TPODs Best Parts & Questions

[Lloyd]

Most Impressive Parts
* How useful is it to have summaries and notes for TPODs and a place to ask questions about them?
* I propose to find out by giving it a try herein. I'll start by summarizing TPODs from the past week and asking a few questions. Summarizing isn't really the right word. What I'm doing is listing parts of them that impress me the most. If anyone else participates in this experiment, you/they are likely to be impressed often with different parts than what impress me.

Galactic Thunderbolts
Jan 10, 2011
- Plasma astronomy posits a relationship between electrical stress and luminosity.
- Gravity, and consequently mass, is a weak manifestation of electrical stress.
- In regions that are relatively insulated from the primary effects of electricity (within stellar sheaths, such as the Sun’s heliosphere), gravity will largely determine orbital motions.
- However, the mass that is calculated from analysis of the orbits is a result of the charge contained, not of the quantity of matter, as is commonly assumed.
? [What formula is used to calculate the relation between mass and charge?]
- In an Electric Universe, there are no maximum or minimum sizes for stars.
- The observed large outflow of material, mischaracterized as mass (and misnamed “wind”), is the electrical current flow coursing through the region like a galactic lightning bolt.

Exocomets
Jan 11, 2011 <Jul 28, 2010
- Exoplanet HD 209458b is orbiting so close to its star that it completes one revolution in a mere 3.5 days.
- It seems probable that it is traveling through conductive strands of plasma that are energizing it enough for its Langmuir sheath to enter a discharge state.
- Its "atmospheric steamers" are significant evidence for that contention. - [It resembles a comet.]

Nebular Flares
Jan 12, 2010
- ... the rotation [i.e. pulse] rates of some pulsars are faster than one revolution per second (even with many times the [assumed] mass of our Sun).
- Nothing known to science can withstand the forces involved with those spin rates, so "neutron stars" were mathematically [invented].
? [How do you calculate those forces?]
- Only something that dense was thought able to withstand the rotational velocity. ...
- The Crab Nebula pulses at 30 times per second....
- ... the forces generated from spinning billions of megatons as fast as a power drill would cause [a normal] star to tear itself apart.
- problems [are] associated with neutron stars.
- Primarily, they violate the "Island of stability" principal.
- The number of neutrons plotted against the number of protons in elemental nuclei reveals a ratio of about one-to-one for light elements and [1.5]-to-one for heavier ones.
- Anything outside that range will spontaneously decay until it reaches equilibrium.
- Too few neutrons and atoms will emit protons until they stabilize or vi[c]e-versa.
- Therefore, an atomic nucleus consisting of neutrons alone would be unstable and immediately decay.
- Pulsars are thought to form when a neutron star's magnetic field exceeds 10^15 Gauss.
- Since magnetic fields are induced by electric currents, there must be electricity generating the intense fields in a pulsar.
- Those "feeder currents" must also be part of a circuit.... ... the oscillations in pulsars are [likely] caused by resonant effects in those circuits.
? [Where can we learn how resonant effects work in circuits, that make pulsars keep time so well?]
- The sudden release of stored electrical energy in a “double layer” is responsible for their energetic outbursts ... a "plasma gun" effect.
? [Where can we find a diagram explaining this plasma gun effect for pulsars?]

Oceans of Sand on Rocky Shores
Jan 13, 2010
The Mars Exploration Rover, Opportunity, has ... traveled a total distance of 21.83 kilometers....
- Mars [has] vast accumulations of hematite nodules otherwise known as "blueberries" ... heaped into sinuous dunes that cover thousands of square kilometers.
- ... fields of the dark dunes and white, polygonal blocks of stone [which contain great quantities of blueberries embedded in them] have dominated the landscape.
- The ... blocks were dubbed ... "pavement" because they are flat....
- the wide avenues of stone appear to underlie the iron-rich pellets. ...
- The quartzite pavement is split into regular polygons with wide cracks that are most often filled with hematite blueberries.
- They exhibit fractures that radiate in concentric arcs from what appear to be hollow impact zones....
- ... hematite nodules ... cover nearly an entire hemisphere.
- ... some hematite dunes rise up to nearly a kilometer in height.
- There are giant cracks ... for hundreds of kilometers with their bottoms covered in hematite ripples.
- Seas of hematite dust tens of meters deep engulf craters a hundred kilometers in diameter, many ... associated with silicon dioxide pavement.
- ... electric arcs [can] transmute elements: reforming ... silicon[28] into iron[56]
- [There's a thread called "Transmutation on Stars and Planets" that has a lot of info on that.]

Rainmaker
Jan 17, 2010
- ... United Arab Emirates successfully caused rain to fall by making use of negative ion generators.
? [Where can we buy these generators, or plans for building them, for our deserts?]
- Scientists installed a network of interconnected conductors in the desert that release clouds of negatively charged ions.
- As the particles rise in the hot air, they attract water vapor in the atmosphere, since water is a dipolar molecule with both positive and negative poles.
- ... ions [instead of ... neutral dust motes] attract water in the atmosphere ... building up raindrops through a process of condensation.
- The dust hanging in the air becomes charged, making it more attractive to water vapor.
- ... Earth ... holds an electric field at its surface of 50 – 200 volts per meter.
- ... in September of 2006 [it] was confirmed [that]: Earth weather is electrically connected to the ionosphere.
- Since electricity always flows in a circuit, if the ionosphere connects to Earth's magnetosphere, then it connects to the circuits of the Solar System as well, [which may control] Earth's climate....
- ... all weather may be influenced by the electrical connection between Earth and solar plasma.

[Sparky]

whoa, so many observations and questions..

a lot of this is still beyond my ability to wrap my mind around and integrate, but this question of yours, "? [Where can we learn how resonant effects work in circuits, that make pulsars keep time so well?]", i might assist with.

search "basic electronics".... using a power source, a resistor to charge a capacitor through, and some sort of discharge mechanism, a neon light, is the most basic resonator that i know of that would give the effect of what is seen in a pulsar.

Of course disconnected magnetic field lines whipping wildly about would also resonate, dependent upon their length, diameter, and their frozen in thermal content...

[Lloyd]

* Here's my pick of Best TPOD statements from this past week.
* And thanks, Sparky, for the suggestion. And feel free to elaborate, if you like.

Nebular Plasmoids
Jan 21, 2011
- The Electric Universe theory presupposes plasma and magnetic fields forming electric stars through enormous, diffuse Birkeland currents that power the galaxy, preventing plasma from dispersing inside their light-years long helical coils.
- When the electric current density inside the filaments gets high enough, the plasma that carries the current begins to glow and to “pinch” into plasmoids that might eventually become stars.
- When electrical stress is low and the plasma contains a small concentration of dust, only the stars in a nebula "light up" in arc-mode discharge.
- Where electrical stress is greater, as in NGC 1514, curling filaments, jets, and any surrounding "gas" clouds can also light up.
- Of course, dust clouds can reflect the light from nearby stars, but NGC 1514 illustrates the characteristic filaments and cell-like behavior seen in plasma laboratory experiments.
- Any nebula could be thought of as a laboratory “gas-discharge tube,” similar to a neon light, which emits light because the gas is electrically excited.
- When plasma moves through a dust or gas, the cloud becomes ionized and electric currents flow.
- The currents generate magnetic fields that confine themselves into coherent filaments known as Birkeland currents.
- The charged particles that compose the currents spiral along the magnetic fields, appearing as electrical vortices.
- The forces between these spinning Birkeland currents pull them close together and wind them around each other into "plasma ropes."
- Invisible electric sheaths can get "pumped" with energy from galactic Birkeland currents in which they are immersed.
- Excess input power might also push them into "glow mode."

Cosmic Bearcat
Jan 20, 2011
- Giant blue-white stars in the heart of this southern nebula signify extreme electrical activity.
- The Cat's Paw nebula is NGC 6334.
- It is 50 light-years across and approximately 5500 light-years away
- The glowing cloud is part of a larger nebular complex near the heart of the Milky Way
- NGC 6334 would ordinarily be a brightly lit emission nebula if not for the intervening clouds of dust that cause "extinction" of blue and green light.
- The atmosphere either absorbs light, or certain frequencies are scattered.
- Atmospheric scattering dims light on Earth, but in space dust and clouds of molecular gas [absorb] the higher spectral bands, which are blue and green.
- the bubble located in the lower right of the image [has] converging radial filaments, ... likely indicators of an interstellar Birkeland current that is "pinching down" in an hourglass shape.
- An electromagnetic z-pinch can squeeze plasma with such force that it rapidly compresses.
- Near the center of the Milky Way there is an abundance of electromagnetic energy, and it is in the most dense current flows where stars form.
- an electric discharge in a plasma cloud (a nebula) can create a double layer, or sheath, along its axis.
- Electric currents flow along the sheath.
- A star is born when those discharges reach the arc-mode state
- the more intense the electric current the bluer, larger, and more energetic the star.
- NGC 6334 is in a highly energized state, so it is rapidly creating massive blue-white stars.

The Huangshang Mountains
Jan 19, 2011
- there appear to be eyewitness accounts in myths and legends that refer to massive geological processes.
- the Huangshang or Yellow Mountains in China is sacred mountain range with hundreds of spires that taper at the top.
- This range is a hard granite type rock.
- a close look at the tops of the peaks reveals ... Stone obelisks of rock almost 100 meters high alongside smaller versions [which] are pointed, not weathered and rounded.
- [This may be from] electrical machining from an upward flow of electricity.
- Some characteristics that indicate a discharge are:
A three-way intersection of a valley that has very little outflow;
An impressed helical pattern can be discerned;
and on top of each formation is a giant lightning blister.

Back to Plasma
Jan 18, 2011
- bipolar formations are ... readily explicable [as] nebula to galaxy, hourglass configurations
- Gases [can be] accelerated by "shock waves" imparted by other particles.
- It is actually the electrical current density that causes plasma in nebulae to glow
- In the laboratory, plasma forms cells separated by thin walls of opposite charge called double layers.

[Sparky]

- Gases [can be] accelerated by "shock waves" imparted by other particles.

It is my feeble understanding that shock waves can not exist in a near vacuum. But particles can be accelerated by magnetic fields and from being impacted by other particles. Gases carried along in an electric current of plasma probably have both forces acting upon them with, i suspect , the magnetic force being the dominate one.

What formula is used to calculate the relation between mass and charge?]

i understand simply that mass is somewhat directly proportional to density and some type of charge related to that.

The observed large outflow of material, mischaracterized as mass (and misnamed “wind”), is the electrical current flow coursing through the region like a galactic lightning bolt.

since a lightning bolt is plasma in arc mode, and visible plasma in space is usually in glow mode, i would say this analogy is in error.
i may be in error, but it seems that plasma in arc mode in near vacuum of density would be unlikely...

Nothing known to science can withstand the forces involved with those spin rates, so "neutron stars" were mathematically [invented].
? [How do you calculate those forces?]

depends upon the matter being spun, doesn't it...i am assuming he is not speaking of fissioning of atoms...i don't know the math, but i know you can spin a steel ball much faster than you can a snow ball..

i for one do not need to know the math to understand the absurdity of the speculation, neutron star, nor the spin rate of a star from a misanalysed observation.

can't we assume that since all of the variables are not being considered in analyzing what is observed that any conclusion will be highly suspect, if not not obviously absurd. and since those people devoted to the cult of the absurd usually can not comprehend anything outside their narrow view, the best and most
succinct reply to their conclusions should be, Nonsense!

thank you

[Lloyd]

Sparky said regarding:

Gases [can be] accelerated by "shock waves" imparted by other particles.

It is my feeble understanding that shock waves can not exist in a near vacuum. But particles can be accelerated by magnetic fields and from being impacted by other particles. Gases carried along in an electric current of plasma probably have both forces acting upon them with, i suspect , the magnetic force being the dominate one.

* Yes, I included that statement, not meaning it was impressive, like the other statements, but that it seemed probably incorrect for gases or particles in space.

[Lloyd]

Snap Crackle and Spark
Jan 24, 2011
- Most of the time planets and moons are not in a stable electrical condition because they are moving across plasma filaments within the Solar System, or if a moon, in the plasmaspheres around planets.
- Enceladus, Dione and Tethys are all electrically active, flinging vast quantities of charged particles into space. Each moon is connected to its parent and to one another through the aforementioned circuits.
- Researchers discovered plasma toroids around Saturn that contain regions of increased charge density that generate strong periodic signals in measurements of the planet's magnetic field. The cyclic nature of the signals interferes with charting Saturn's rotational rate.
- Retired professor of Electrical Engineering Don Scott writes about ... the "clump" of electrified particles synchronized with the planet's rotation.
- "I do feel they would stand a better chance [of understanding] if they would recognize how magnetic and electric fields interact with streams of charge. Nearby electric current can distort a magnetic field. A congestion of electric charge may be due to a concentrated electric field along some particular radius vector emanating up from the planet."
- Every so often Saturn breaks out with a "great white spot" three times larger than Earth. Standard models of Saturn cannot explain such a spark, but an intense lightning discharge deep in its atmosphere might create vertical jets similar to the sprites in Earth's upper atmosphere.

Stellar Shedding
Jan 25, 2011
- Astronomers do not know why some stars shed their atmospheres at a furious rate.
- Retired professor of electrical engineering Don Scott provided a new look at stars in his book The Electric Sky. Scott suggests that mass, temperature, and luminosity are not the only factors that should be considered when describing a star's life cycle. The most important factor is the current density in Amperes per square meter (A/m^2) at the star's surface. If the incoming current density increases, a star's surface gets hotter, radiates shorter wavelengths, and becomes brighter. Therefore, the strength of the impinging current density, as well as diameter, are responsible for a star's absolute brightness.
- Massive stars might not be so massive after all. The intense radiation that is interpreted as an "atmosphere blowing away" is most likely due to high input currents triggering frequent bursts of stellar lightning. What appears to be a giant star might be a relatively small star with a large coma structure that is emitting a torrent of charged particles. Whether such stars live short or long lives has nothing to do with their gravitational mass.

Corona Discharges
Jan 26, 2011
- From galaxies to the laboratory, transverse electric currents accompany a main discharge channel.
- Slow-motion studies reveal that each flash [of lightning] is a complex episode. Multiple leader strokes descend from the clouds, while similar, less visible potential contacts rise from the ground. Once two points of contact are made, the electrical energy stored in the cloud-to-ground capacitor discharges, drawing current from several square kilometers.
- On Earth, a surface lightning stroke is accompanied by transverse or "corona discharges" at right angles to the main channel. They appear to be “tributaries” joining the primary discharge.
- What have been called "streamers" were seen inside the shell of gas and dust that makes up the haze around the nucleus of Comet Holmes 17P. They remain in the same alignment as they had since their initial formation. Despite several months of travel, they did not rotate to stay aligned with the Sun. As has been discussed in previous Picture of the Day articles, the braided filaments are the sign of helical Birkeland currents.
- A few years ago, scientists ... announced ... a "threadlike structure" emerging from RB199, one of the larger elliptical galaxies inhabiting the Coma cluster. The filament extends approximately 260,000 light years and contains groups of stars enclosed by glowing, ionized shells. Researchers refer to these rapidly moving star cluster knots as "fireballs," because they look like flaming projectiles shooting out from the galaxy.
- Duration is also directly proportional to size. Sparks lasting two or three microseconds in the laboratory might scale up to decade-long events at stellar scales, or millions of years at the galactic scale. Filamentary shapes appear to exist no matter where investigators search.
- In the image at the top of the page, NGC 891 also displays streamers of material moving away from its equatorial plane at right angles. Could it be that corona arc discharges, an electrical phenomenon associated with terrestrial lightning, are occurring on a thousands of light-years scale?

A Galaxy with Its Tail in a Knot
Jan 27, 2011
- A new x-ray image of a galaxy in the Abell cluster 3627 reveals a second tail parallel to the first, which was already known. The second tail is fainter but also contains knots. Both tails are surrounded by x-ray point sources.
- A plasma astronomer will notice that the second tail is not so much parallel to the first as twisted around it in a half-turn.
- Presumably, the two “tails” continue to twist around each other. This conclusion is reinforced by the optical (red) filament at the core of the first tail: It appears to be a twisted pair of filaments itself. The knots in the tails and the point sources around them are likely to be pinch instabilities.
- Halton Arp and a number of colleagues have shown that clusters of galaxies such as those in the Abell catalogue are often associated with nearby active galaxies and are positioned within the active galaxies’ ejection cones. Being nearby, as distinguished from the conventional redshift-distance placement, they are small. They appear to be the next step in growth of BL Lac objects, quasars with multiple or “fractured” centers, which are the first products of ejection from the nuclei of the active galaxies. (The “grown-up” results are companion galaxies, which have evolved step-wise down the Karlsson redshift periodicity from high-redshift quasars.)
- One possible view is in analogy with stellar circuits. The dominant galaxy in a cluster would be the anode within a sheath that surrounds the entire cluster, similar to the heliosphere around the solar system. The smaller galaxies would be secondary cathodic elements within that sheath, similar to comets. The double tail on this galaxy marks it as a galaxy-sized comet.

Far Distance Run Around
Jan 28, 2011
- Redshift theory inhibits new research into the age and size of the Universe.
- High redshift quasars have been located in axial alignment with galaxies at substantially lower redshift. Sometimes they are connected to those lower redshift galaxies by "bridges" of glowing gas and dust.
- According to a recent press release, the Hubble Space Telescope has recorded the image of a galaxy over 13 billion light-years distant, making it the farthest object from Earth ever seen. [But that's based on an erroneous interpretation of redshifted light.]
- Astronomer Halton Arp ... interprets galactic redshift to be an indicator of [young] age and not distance.
- Electric Universe theory proposes that galaxy clusters are Birkeland current z-pinches in superclusters that make up a "superfamily" hierarchy. Birkeland currents occur in a "nest" of double helices: each filament of electric current is a tube consisting of filament pairs that spiral around a common axis.
- Electric currents charge and discharge vast concentrations of plasma at every scale from star to supercluster, causing some z-pinches to overload. In that case, another plasma blob gets ejected from the overcharged galactic parent, forming a quasar and distributing the current load over a larger area.
- Arp wrote: "The typical case is that the largest galaxy in a cluster is a radio E, and the other bright galaxies in this cluster are aligned on either side of this central galaxy along the line of elongation of the radio components. It is argued that this general physical phenomenon can only be explained by having the line of galaxies, or their progenitors, ejected from the central galaxy along with the radio emitting material."
- Halton Arp's work prompts the question: how big and how old is the Universe if redshift readings are not reliable indicators of distance?

[If redshift indicates young age, then this highest redshifted quasar is merely the youngest one so far found.]

[GaryN]

A Galaxy with Its Tail in a Knot
Jan 27, 2011


I'll not protest too loudly, but I see an alternative, and still EU interpretation.
The galaxy is in a large Birkeland current, in the pinch. The lower 'tail' is the
tube coming into the event from the rear, the front tail is the tube coming
outwards. The x-rays are being produced in the acceleration zone. The kinks
and twists look BC-ish.

[Lloyd]

* Are the following not the most interesting TPOD statements from this past week?

Shooting Star [Star Shock Waves]
Jan 31, 2011
- The best pumped vacuum on Earth reaches .1 millimeter spacing between individual atoms
- There is about one atom per cubic centimeter between stars
- The ISM [Interstellar Medium] contains ionized particles, as well as neutral molecules.
- Even though the ISM is extremely diffuse, ... electric fields can develop [and] initiate electric currents.
- Stellar plasma and the ISM are ... plasmas, so they develop Langmuir plasma sheaths, or "double layers," between them.
- Stars are where galactic electric discharges are focused, so the double layers form "virtual cathodes."
- Whenever electric discharges take place in plasma, the current flow is compressed inward by induced magnetic fields.
- This effect is known as a "z-pinch," and is a foundational principle of Electric Universe theory.
- The compression can be so intense that plasma is squeezed down into solid particles.
- When Voyager 1 experienced unusual events as it approached the heliosphere Wal Thornhill said they were due to entering a plasma sheath
- Magnetic fields strong enough to hold tenuous clouds of gas and dust together have been found in the ISM
- Electric currents must be flowing through it in order to create those fields.
- Magnetic fields cause filamentation of space plasma.
- The filamentary nature of the "bow shock" around Zeta Ophiuchi indicates electric currents, not kinetics

Tuning in a New Signal [Synchrotron Radiation]
Feb 01, 2011
- In the Antennae Galaxies, x-ray, deep optical, and infrared telescopes reveal the intricate circuitry of a galaxy-sized plasma discharge.
- The Birkeland currents drive pinch and kink instabilities to flare into star-forming regions.
- The electromagnetic forces squeeze dusty plasma into plumes and cells.
- Electric fields accelerate the charge carriers in the current to high velocities
- The associated magnetic fields constrain them to spiral along and emit synchrotron radiation at all frequencies.
- Currents build up into double layers and loop currents that explode as supernovae and nebulae.
- Intense secondary discharges smash ions together into heavier elements and sort materials into regions

Wheels within Wheels [Why Celestial Objects Spin}
Feb 02, 2011
- All celestial bodies spin.
- Any substance that contains charged particles is a form of plasma [except for neutral atoms?]
- The solar wind, stars, and even galaxies are plasma.
- In energetic regions of plasma, filaments of electric current flow in closed circuits
- The cosmos appears to be interlaced with untold numbers of interacting circuits that occur in nested hierarchies
- At the largest observable scale there are power-consuming objects, or loads in the various circuits, that appear to be converting electrical energy into rotational energy.
- Consensus opinions suggest that stars etc form as large clouds of gas and dust contract
- Why a randomly contracting cloud of particles should spin is both illogical and unexplained.
- Hannes Alfvén's "electric galaxy" hypothesis states that galaxies and other objects are like a homopolar motor
- This motor is driven by magnetic fields induced in a circular, conductive metal plate.
- Galaxies exist as filamentary circuits of electricity that flow through the cosmos
- They and smaller objects spin because of electricity flowing through them

The Persistent Illusion [High Frequency Radiation]
Feb 03, 2011
- Does the acceleration of gravity alone create high frequency radiation?
- The rotational velocity of dust and gas near the center of M84 is up to 1,400,000 kilometers per hour
- X-rays and other high frequency radiation in space are not easily generated by accelerating charge-neutral gas in gravity fields.
- It is far easier for charged particles (plasma) accelerated by electric fields to emit such frequencies
- In a galactic circuit, electric power flows inward along the spiral arms and is stored in the central plasmoid.
- When the plasmoid reaches a threshold density, it must decay and discharge, along the galaxy’s spin axis.
- This process can be demonstrated with a plasma focus device.
- The discharge creates neutrons, heavy ions, and electrons jetting out from the nucleus.
- Electromagnetic forces confine the jet to thin filaments that remain coherent for thousands of light-years.
- The jets usually end in radio lobes
- The currents that supply energy to galactic central plasmoids also provide rotational energy by spinning around one another.

A Mystifying Menagerie [Close Orbiting Planets]
Feb 04, 2011
- The Nebular Hypothesis fails to explain how the planets possess about 97% of the total angular momentum in the Solar System
- Their combined mass is less than one-tenth of one per cent of the Sun's mass
- A recent discovery is Kepler-11, an "alien solar system" with six planets.
- Kepler-11's inner five planets all revolve closer than Mercury orbits the Sun
- When stars are born, they are most likely under extreme electrical stress.
- So they split into one or more daughter stars
- The fission process may be repeated, forming planets
- The longer a star lives, the more metal rains into the star's depths
- At some point, the star ejects those metalized accumulations as planets

[kiwi]

Great thread Lloyd

Researchers discovered plasma toroids around Saturn that contain regions of increased charge density that generate strong periodic signals in measurements of the planet's magnetic field. The cyclic nature of the signals interferes with charting Saturn's rotational rate.
- Retired professor of Electrical Engineering Don Scott writes about ... the "clump" of electrified particles synchronized with the planet's rotation.

Iapetus is said to be the "cause"? of the large plasma ring around Saturn, which explains its half frozen condition, the fact it doesnt rotate and the opposite side faces into the oncoming magnetic flow? when you see how violent and energetic the neighbourhood is , its amazing Saturns ring system survives at all


this is agood clip Lloyd, is that real time delay footage showing the streaming tail and aurora? ....then there is a graphic that shows it "pinch" at 1:27, then freeze it at 1:28 , how was that modelled ?, its a mainstream piece of work, but I thought one of the bigger complaints about the EU was lack of data to create a rendition like this?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AmyfuJDMlY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqEbpTiZisQ

This clip dealing with Jupiter claims that Io is being "stripped" at the surface at the rate if 1 ton per second, and although its not said this is resposible for the "glow" of the ring... and I wonder if Jupiter (thought to be a proto-star) may have a connection to the Suns solar cycle as it takes the same amount of time , 11 years , to complete an orbit?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Gb2VIkUuIE

hers a bonus "pinch"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVlDxHaSxhs

[kiwi]

oops! .. Im getting confused again , nothung new ... its Phoebe thats said to cause the ring to glow... at 2:08 ... the LOTR ref is a bit lame , I think this guy wants to be the new Sagan (does actually sound a bit like him)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51UzH2f1F-k

[Lloyd]

* Thanks Kiwi. No time to view the videos yet.
* Here's my summary again of the best statements of this week's TPODs.

Cloudy with a Chance of Instability [Exploding Solar Cloud]
Feb 07, 2011
- Physicists recently discovered regions of plasma instability on one flank of an exploding cloud of solar material, an exploding double layer.
- They closely paralleled instabilities seen in Earth’s clouds and waves on the surfaces of seas.
- Since the Sun is "plugged-in" to the galaxy and to its family of planets, it behaves like a charged object seeking equilibrium with its environment.
- An electric discharge in plasma creates a tube-like magnetic sheath along its axis.
- If enough current flows through the circuit, the discharge will cause the sheath to glow, sometimes creating a number of other sheaths within it.
- The sheath is called a “double layer.”
- Double layers form when positive charges build up in one region of a plasma cloud and negative charges build up nearby.
- A powerful electric field appears between the two regions, which accelerates charged particles.
- The electric charges spiral in the magnetic fields, emitting X-rays, extreme ultraviolet, and sometimes gamma rays.
- Toroidal filaments couple to hourglass-shaped current sheets that are subject to diocotron instabilities
- The current flow through plasma, such as seen in labs and polar aurorae, sometimes forms vortices that change into distorted curlicue shapes.
- Peratt said electron beams propagating along an axial magnetic field break up into discrete vortex-like current bundles when a threshold current level or distance is surpassed, as was likely the case with the exploding solar cloud.

Electrodynamic Duo Part One [Electric and Magnetic Forces]
Feb 08, 2011
- The electrical basis for magnetism has been verified down to the level of the electron.
- Since an electron spins and has an electric charge, it is often said to be charge in motion, which results in a magnetic field.
- Current can be generated in a conductor by changing the magnetic field around it, called electromagnetic induction.
- A changing electric current in a conductor creates a changing magnetic field, which creates a changing electrical field.
- These changing or oscillating electric and magnetic fields are electromagnetic radiation, which become self-sustaining, like a wave through space.

Phobos-Grunt [Planned Mission to Phobos by Mars]
Feb 09, 2011
- A Russian space mission will attempt to land a sample return package on Phobos.
- Picture of the Day articles about Mars have shown that it was once immersed in a plasma flame sufficiently large to gouge out Valles Marineris.
- Phobos, Deimos, as well as asteroids like Ida, may have come from that cataclysm.
- Asteroids and small moons are likely not loose aggregations of rocks and soil, which makes large craters possible there.
- The craters are likely formed electrically.
- The lightning bolts that carved the Mars canyon threw large chunks of crust into orbit
- The electric fields that accompanied the celestial disasters smoothed and eroded them with plasma discharges.
- The result is that Phobos and asteroids are covered in dust, have huge craters, and look half-melted.

Electrodynamic Duo Part Two [Electric and Magnetic Forces]
Feb 10, 2011
- In 1973 were found two gigantic electric current sheets carrying a million amperes to and from the aurora's morning and evening sides, called Birkeland currents, or auroral electrojets.
- Electric currents travel along filaments that are constrained by magnetic fields.
- Parallel linear currents experience a long-range attractive force much greater than gravity.
- As plasma filaments get closer together, they rotate around each other in a helix.
- A short-range magnetic repulsion occurs, preventing them from shorting out, so they remain isolated from each other.
- The closer they get to each other, the faster they spin.
- They become a twisted electrical tornado, or plasma vortex
- The twisted pairs that exist in space create a field-aligned current flow that follows the magnetic field, permitting electric power to travel vast distances.
- Field-aligned electric fields and field-aligned currents accelerate charged particles in the polar aurorae.
- Exploding double layers generate ionized cosmic ray particles at extreme energies.
- The majority of cosmic rays are single protons, but nuclei as heavy as uranium have been detected.
- Double layers might cut off the current flow in a galactic circuit causing a catastrophic rise in voltage.
- The powerful energy release of an exploding double layer is called a supernova, or a gamma ray burst [GRB].
- Solar flare DLs have voltages of 10^9 Volts or more
- Galactic phenomena may have voltages several orders of magnitude larger.
- The physics of electric currents apply to plasma in space, not the physics of winds.
- Inside planetary nebulae are one or more plasma sheaths, or double layers, that act like capacitors, alternately storing and releasing electrical energy.
- The current flow alternately increases and decreases within the sheaths
- Because plasma in laboratory experiments forms cells of opposite charged double layers, it is probable that these also occur in nebulae.

Hanny’s Voorwerp [Galaxy-sized Cloud]
Feb 11, 2011
- The Hanny’s Voorwerp cloud is highly ionized
- Some spectral lines show the presence of neon V.
- It requires 97 electron volts of energy to strip [5?] electrons from neon, equal to temperature of one million Kelvin.
- The filamentary nature of the Voorwerp is a clue to its electrically charged nature.
- Galaxy NGC 4388 has ionized filaments extending 110,000 light years from its nucleus.
- Smith's Cloud is a massive cloud of hydrogen, the size of a galaxy, glowing in the light of ionized atoms with no stars
- VIRGOHI 21 has invisible hydrogen that glows in radio waves
- The common theme is electricity flowing through plasma.
- An electric current is accompanied by an enveloping magnetic field that diminishes directly with distance
- An electric current in plasma may create an enveloping double layer with one charge on the inside and the other charge on the outside
- Electric circuits throughout the galaxy can be mapped by radio telescopes.
- Electricity passing through neon gas in Hanny's Voorwerp causes it to form a plasma and to glow pale red.

[kiwi]

no worries ... enjoying the updates .... cheers

[Lloyd]

* Here are my picks for the best lines from the past week's TPODs.
Jove's Glowing Mantle [Jupiter Electrical Circuit with Moons]
Feb 14, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 14jove.htm
- The so-called "volcanic" plumes erupting from Jupiter's moon Io are plasma discharges from the moon electrically connected to the giant planet.
- Some astronomers acknowledged the electrical connection when Io's electromagnetic "footprint" was seen in Jupiter's polar aurora.
- Later, it was found that all four of Jupiter’s large moons leave their imprints in the aurora.
- The “plumes” of Tvashtar, one of Io's "volcanoes," were seen to be filamentary, indicating that they are corona arc discharges from the electric “hot spots” linking Io with Jupiter.
- Jupiter's aurorae are becoming more active, with bursts of extreme ultraviolet light detected.
- An electrical interaction between Jupiter and its moons means that they are charged bodies and are not electrically neutral.
- Jupiter exists in a dynamic electrical relationship to the Sun and it is now known that charged particles from the Sun power the planetary aurorae.
- Earth possesses an electrically active magnetotail (or plasma tail), extending for millions of kilometers, always pointed away from the Sun.
- Streams of charged particles from the Sun (the solar wind) are captured by the magnetosphere, collecting in a plasma sheet within the magnetotail, where they are held together by Earth's magnetic field.
- The same structural factors doubtless govern Jupiter's magnetosphere.

Orion’s Thunderbolt [Orion Nebula Circuits]
Feb 15, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 5orion.htm
- The European Southern Observatory’s newest telescope, VISTA [detects] infrared wavelengths
- Of special interest in recent observation of the Orion Nebula are the evenly spaced coronal “hairs” along and perpendicular to the central column of dusty plasma between the upper and lower “bubbles” or cells of plasma (the “clearings”).
- These are indications of a high electrical potential between the central discharge channel and the surrounding region.
- The z-pinch forces of the central current not only constrict it into its columnar form but also pull in surrounding dust, ions, and neutral matter.
- The increased density is why the region is optically opaque.
- Pinch instabilities along the secondary filaments of current that make up the columnar current further constrict the plasma into the “curious red features”—the beginnings of electric stars.
- The plasma “bubbles” at each end of the dusty column are sheath-like enclosures of double layers, similar to the cells of plasma within the “funnels” at each end of the pinches that generate planetary nebulas.
- Consensus astronomers [suppose these effects are due to] the pressure from light.
- Plasma theory [proposes] mechanisms of electric fields.
- Compare the force of light as demonstrated by an electroscope with the force of electromagnetic fields as demonstrated by an electric motor.
- The form of a column with a bubble at each end [resemble] the squatter figures in petroglyphs and the thunderbolt of myth as represented in art and artifacts around the world.
- The mythical thunderbolt was planet-size and reputedly dropped lumps of stone and iron on the Earth.
- The Orion Nebula is a super-stellar-size thunderbolt that is dropping stars.
- The Orion Nebula have the same phenomena that occur in a so-called “gas discharge” tube and that can be tested in a laboratory.

A Galactic Fairy Ring [Arp 147 Galaxy]
Feb 16, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 6fairy.htm
- In today’s image the radiant energy and its pattern of distribution indicate the action of electricity, not gravity; of plasma discharges, not mass; of pinch and double layer effects, not density; of instabilities in a circuit, not collisions and mergers.
- This object, Arp 147, is located in the ejection cone from Andromeda galaxy M31.
- The [supposedly] “super-luminal” radio galaxy 3C120 is only a few degrees farther along.
- As an ejection from M31, the galaxy would be nearby and its jet would have a normal velocity for a plasma discharge.
- Arp 147 is likely another high-redshift ejection from M31: 400 thousand light-years would be a better guess for its distance than 400 million.
- Its radiant energy would be 3 orders of magnitude less than [supposed].
- The ring and the galaxy to the left are components in the same ejection current from M31.
- They are loads in the intergalactic circuit and dissipate only a small part of the total current.
- Much more energy will be flowing through them to drive other components (galaxies) farther along the circuit.
- Arp 147 is likely the galactic equivalent of the rings around the axis of SN1987a.
- As the current pinches down in typical hourglass form to power the galaxy to the left, variations in the plasma push the individual filaments of current into glow mode.
- Double layers accelerate the current carriers, and they emit ultraviolet and x-ray radiation.

Bad to the Bones [Mythology and Fossils]
Feb 17, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 7bones.htm
- Re fossils: today’s geomythologists explore the ideas traditional cultures harboured regarding their nature and origin.
- Adrienne Mayor has documented that the first nations of the Americas, just like the Greeks and Romans, recognised that fossils were the remnants of creatures that lived in previous eras.
- Pre-modern fossil lore often identifies the extinct life forms with a mythical race of beings that dwelled in the sky before its extermination during a cataclysmic, lightning-charged battle, or a world-engulfing fire or deluge.
- Local mythology about bones found in the Tirari Desert of South Australia identified them as the relics of a breed of “strange monsters” known as the Kadimakara or Kadimerkera.
- According to them, these beings once dwelled in a region in the lower atmosphere.
- They say the heavens were covered by a vault of clouds, so dense that it appeared solid.
- Today the only vegetation is a thin scrub, but there were once giant gum-trees, which formed pillars to support the sky.
- The air, now laden with blinding, salt-coated dust, was washed by soft, cooling rains, and the present deserts around Lake Eyre were one continuous garden.
- The rich soil of the country, watered by abundant rain, supported a luxuriant vegetation, which spread from the lake-shores and the riverbanks far out across the plains.
- The trunks of lofty gum-trees rose through the dense undergrowth, and upheld a canopy of vegetation, that protected the country beneath from the direct rays of the sun.
- In this roof of vegetation dwelt the strange monsters known as the "Kadimakara" or "Kadimerkera"'.
- Once, while many Kadimakara were revelling in the rich foods of this lower world, their retreat was cut off by the destruction of the three gum-trees, which were the pillars of the sky.
- They were thus obliged to roam on earth, and wallow in the marshes of Lake Eyre, till they died, and to this day their bones lie where they fell.
- The story concludes with the collapse of the solid sky.
- The idea of a sky-country, to which communication was formerly possible by climbing up a tree or pole aligns itself with the mythology of a sky-reaching column mythologists refer to as the axis mundi or world axis.
- Gregory [found that] where stories of giants and dragons are assigned to precise localities, they are founded on the occurrence of fossil bones.
- The outlines of the story seem to represent a global archetype
- It stands to reason that events in the cosmic environment surrounding the earth spawned the myths.
- A Diprotodon giant wombat, one of the last surviving Tirari tribesmen readily identified as a Kadimakara.
- Kadimakara appear to have been two distinct animals, one a water monster, the other a big, heavy land animal with a single horn on its forehead.
- Several North American cultures associated local fossils with two groups, water monsters and their rivals, the thunderbirds.
- Much in the global myths of a ‘golden age’ [suggest] a solar storm of unprecedented proportions, provoking intense geomagnetic disturbances and near-lethal synchrotron radiation emitted by magnetospheric plasma, possibly in combination with a cometary interloper.
- These events are seem to have occurred between the end of the Pleistocene and the end of the Neolithic period.
– A comet may have impacted or exploded over North America [at that time], according to Firestone and West.
– This was arguably the latest great extinction event in geological history.

Doubting the Dark [Dark Energy Is Electricity]
Feb 18, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 8doubt.htm
– After studying the Coma Cluster of galaxies in 1933, Fritz Zwicky found that his calculations for orbital acceleration and stellar mass within it were off by a factor of about 160.
– He thought that something invisible to his instruments was holding the cluster together.
– That something later became known as dark matter.
– In 1979 gravitational lensing, another theory of Zwicky's, was reported.
– Observations from both COBE and WMAP might have calibration issues that could indicate that fluctuations measured in the intensity of the CMB radiation are actually smaller than they originally appeared.
– With smaller fluctuations, there would be no need to invoke exotic concepts like dark matter.
– Birkeland currents are drawn toward each other in a linear relationship.
– [The dark energy needed to correct Zwicky's calculation is electric Birkeland currents.]

[Lloyd]

* Here are my highlights of this week's TPODs.

Light My Fire [Theories of Sunshine]
Feb 21, 2010
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 21fire.htm
- What powers the sun?
- Pythagorean, Philolaus of Croton (400s BC), postulated that the sun receives its fiery and radiant nature from above, from the aethereal fire.
- It receives the reflection of fire in the universe and transmits to us both light and warmth.
- Lucretius (~99-~55 BC) similarly accounted for the remarkable explosion of solar light from one source by comparison to a fountain, replenished from an external source.
- During the Roman Empire a rich literature developed on the sun’s physical and spiritual nature.
- Like Pythagoras and Plato they regarded the sun and other celestial bodies as intelligent entities thriving on ‘cosmic soul’ from the highest regions of the universe.
- Philo of Alexandria (20 BC – 50 CE) reasoned that light from planets and stars is the image of the divine reason of God, who is a star above the heavens and the source of visible stars [similar to Saturn?].
- Plotinus (~205-270 CE) developed the idea of hierarchic chains running through the cosmos.
- Macrobius (400s CE) equated the cosmic cable running through the sun with the golden chain of Homer.
- God ordered this golden chain to hang down from the sky to the earth [the polar column from Saturn to our north pole].
- Proclus Diadochus (412-485 CE) said space is light pervading the cosmos.
- This power grid communicates to the smallest particles via cords.
- The main cord commences with Kronos [Saturn] to Zeus [Jupiter] and ends with Helios [the Sun].
- Plasma cosmologists likewise conceive, in space, cords of electric currents.
- In 1816 John Herschel remarked to Faraday that maybe the sun could owe its brightness to electric currents traversing space.

Draconian Landscaping [Myths of Lightning Carved Valleys]
Feb 22, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... conian.htm
- The dragon in creation myths carves out features of the landscape such as rivers and valleys.
- A common story-line is that the earth used to be flat and featureless.
- Strabo (~64 BC – 24 CE) said Aramaeans said Typhon, a dragon, was struck by bolts of lightning.
– Fleeing underground, Typhon formed the bed of the Syrian river Orontes.
– The Fon people of Benin name the ourobóros serpent as the forger of the mountains and rivers.
– They said wherever it rested a mountain arose.
[If dragon = serpent = lightning, then lightning was seen to raise mountains.]
– The serpent carved out the streams.
– Before that there were only stagnant waters.
– The Toba Batak of northern Sumatra say the earth’s mountains and valleys were formed by the malevolent snake Naga Padoha.
– People of the Kimberley district of Western Australia say a giant serpent named Wonnaira made all the rivers as he travelled inland from the sea.
– The big waterholes along the river were places he rested.
– Locals of southeastern Australia say the river Murray was made by a Snake.
– Those at Drysdale River in the northwest dub the engineering serpent Ungur.
– It descended from above down to the earth.
– At first it settled in a certain big pool, but then it opened a way to other pools.
– Lightning emerges as a close associate of the reptilian sculptor.
– The conjecture that many mythical snakes or dragons signify bright plasma filaments observed in the earth’s atmosphere successfully accounts for a large number of traditions.
– In many cases a mundane sighting of an auroral band, ray or curtain suffices.
– In other cases more intense types of plasma activity are suggested.
– Perhaps the dragon was a vortical tornado-like plasma cloud that scoured the landscape.

Adolescent Galaxy [Offshoots of Galaxy M49]
Feb 23, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... escent.htm
– NGC 4666 is a young galaxy in the Virgo cluster.
– Whether it is the daughter or later descendant of M49 has yet to be determined.
– The line of objects from M49 extend from M87 to 3C273 at opposite ends.
– These objects are connected by electrical circuits that can be traced from their x-ray and radio emissions.
– Pairs of quasars on the opposite ends of M49's grandchildren’s spin axes are its great-grandchildren.
– Read Halton Arp’s discussion of ejection in his book Seeing Red from Mikamar Publishing on this site.
– NGC 4666 has high-energy Birkeland currents driving the galaxy’s growth and in turn pinch into stellar-scale instabilities, i.e. stars.
– The massive flows of plasma (stellar “winds”) produce frequent exploding double layers and expanding current loops (called “supernovae”).
– Recurrent ejections of the plasma-focus plasmoid at the galaxy’s core have likely produced the smaller more redshifted companion galaxies NGC 4668 and another.
– There are likely a number of quasars along this line not yet identified.
– The x-ray plumes (jets) extending from the poles indicate the hourglass-shaped pinch in the intergalactic Birkeland currents.
– The polar plume currents and the induced equatorial ring current are traced in the magnetic field map of the galaxy.

M87—Bringing it Home [Galaxy Like a Volcano]
Feb 24, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 24home.htm
– The jet activity in M87 is conventionally explained in analogy with eruptive activity of volcanoes on Earth.
– If M87’s activity is electrical, explainable as a plasma discharge, perhaps volcanoes on Earth are electrical, too.
– The electrical activity of erupting volcanoes is too powerful for foot-scuffling-on-carpet static.
– So are megalightning and lightning to space in storm clouds.
– An electrical field exists between the surface of the Earth and the ionosphere.
– There are diffuse but powerful electrical currents beneath the Earth's surface.
– Electrical phenomena are also associated with earthquakes.
– The Electric Universe goes all the way to the core of the Earth and to the core of all we presume to know.

[Lloyd]

The Dragon's Den [Saturn Storms]
Feb 28, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch11/110228den.htm
- The most likely explanation for the storms on Saturn is that they are equivalent to sunspots.
- Saturn's Great White Spots, Dragon Storm, and ring spokes are likely driven by the same galactic Birkeland currents that drive the Sun
- They should get stronger and closer to the equator as the sunspot cycle oscillates, as has happened over the past three decades on Saturn.
- Every so often Saturn breaks out with a great white spot three times larger than Earth.
- They could be caused by intense lightning discharge deep in the atmosphere that cause vertical jets similar to sprites in Earth's upper atmosphere.
- Perhaps, like the Sun, there are other factors that link explosive discharges with electrical connectivity.
- A Saturn-grazer comet etc could start some of the long-lasting lightning-like disturbances there.

Double Layer Acceleration [Galactic Superwind]
Mar 01, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... ration.htm
- The "superwinds" astronomers are witnessing are due to acceleration of particles from plasma double layers.
- NGC 4666 is blowing a “superwind” of hot gas outward from the galaxy's energetic central bulge.
- It is so hot that it is emitting copious X-rays and radio waves.
- Molecules of gas cannot remain intact at million degree temperatures.
- Electrons are stripped from the atomic nuclei, causing them to become ionized, which is plasma.
- X-rays in space are not created by gravitational fields no matter how strong, but by plasma electric currents.
- A galactic circuit has been replicated with a plasma focus device.
- When plasma moves through a dust or gas, the cloud becomes ionized and electric currents flow and generate magnetic fields.
- These Birkeland currents squeeze galactic plasma into thin filaments that remain collimated over great distances.
- The material from NGC 4666 travels more than 30,000 light-years from its source by conventional calculations.
- That estimate could be off by a significant factor because of problems with redshift distance estimates.
- Jets usually end in so-called "radio lobes" many times a galaxy's diameter.
- The diffuse current then flows back around toward the galaxy’s equatorial plane and spirals into its nucleus.

Andromeda's Mother [Supernova Remnant]
Mar 02, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... mother.htm
- This so-called "supernova remnant" in Cassiopeia A is said to harbor a strange superfluid within a neutron star.
- In the image above, various frequencies of X-rays are shown in red, green, and blue.
- The X-ray distribution is englobing the central star, with tendrils of plasma interconnecting other glowing regions.
- The fact that supernova explosions emit X-rays suggests they are electrical in nature, not chemical explosions.
- Neutron stars can never be experimentally verified and gravity is too weak to model.

Solar Lightning [Solar Surface Phenomena]
Mar 04, 2011
http://thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/arch ... 4solar.htm
- Solar flares can be thought of as giant lightning discharges.
- Eruptions in the photosphere travel outward through "acoustical wave-guides," known as magnetic flux tubes.
- Structures called spicules rise thousands of kilometers above the photosphere and carry the hot gas with them.
- The Sun is the locus of positive charge with respect to interstellar plasma.
- Sunspots appear when electric discharges penetrate the photosphere, allowing electric current to flow into its depths.
- Electromagnetic flux tubes expose the Sun's cooler interior.
- Laboratory experiments with a positively charged sphere show that a plasma torus forms above its equator.
- Electric discharges bridge the torus with the middle and lower latitudes of the sphere.
- Spicules are consistent with the principle of "anode tufting," a plasma discharge effect expected of a positively charged electric Sun.
- Closeup images of sunspot filaments, seen clearly in sunspot penumbrae, indicate that they are whirling charge vortices.
- Looking down into a sunspot means seeing the rotating discharge columns in profile.
- Electric discharges in plasma form rope-like, hollow tendrils.
- Since they are funnels of plasma, their centers are darker.
- The photosphere has the appearance, the temperature and spectrum of an electric arc.
- It has arc characteristics because it is a large number of arcs in parallel.
- These arcs quickly result in the neutralization of the accumulated space charge in their neighborhood and go out.
- They are not therefore stable discharges, but may rather be looked upon as transient sparks.
- Coronal arches and multiple loop structures above the photosphere connect sunspots and rise up to penetrate the chromosphere.
- The chromosphere is a plasma double layer region of the Sun, where most of its electrical energy is contained.
- The current flowing into the Sun's plasma sheath can increase beyond a critical threshold
- Then it can trigger a sudden release of that energy, causing solar flares and enormous prominence eruptions.
- Powerful looping electric currents generate secondary toroidal magnetic fields that surround the loop.
- When the current grows too strong, the plasma double layer is destroyed. - That event interrupts the current flow and the stored electromagnetic energy is blasted into space as a solar flare.
- Solar flares can therefore be thought of as tremendous lightning bursts, discharging vast quantities of matter at near relativistic speeds.