Gravity force solved

[PersianPaladin]

-DRAFT RELEASE- - TO BE LATER UPDATED-

Can the moon explain the force of gravity on Earth?

Firstly, the moon has some interesting features:-

"The Moon is a "dead body," according to modern theories of the Solar System; it long ago exhausted any remnant heat that it retained from its birth. It has no intrinsic magnetic field and it does not radiate, except to reflect the light that it receives from the Sun. But could electrical forces have recently shaped the lunar surface?

The discovery of water ice at the south pole buried beneath the walls of sun-shaded craters was one of the more important new finds of the past few years. Latent magnetic fields were detected by the Lunar Prospector spacecraft in the 1990s. Evidence from that experiment points to a variable strength magnetic field imprinted on the Moon, and magnetism is a result of electric currents.

Recently, scientists from NASA's Lunar Science Institute’s Dynamic Response of the Environment at the Moon (DREAM) project announced the discovery of electric charge in some of the polar craters. According to William Farrell of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center: "....in addition to the wicked cold, explorers and robots at the bottoms of polar lunar craters may have to contend with a complex electrical environment as well, which can affect surface chemistry, static discharge, and dust cling.”
http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2011/ ... charge.htm

In a plasma universe, "each celestial object is insulated within an individual charge sheath" - Stephen Smith, Thunderbolts.info.

An interesting story from NASA:-

NASA 05.30.12 "Electric Moon Jolts the Solar Wind"

"With the moon as the most prominent object in the night sky and a major source of an invisible pull that creates ocean tides, many ancient cultures thought it could also affect our health or state of mind – the word "lunacy" has its origin in this belief. Now, a powerful combination of spacecraft and computer simulations is revealing that the moon does indeed have a far-reaching, invisible influence – not on us, but on the Sun, or more specifically, the solar wind."

"Unlike Earth, the moon is not surrounded by a global magnetic field. "It was thought that the solar wind crashes into the lunar surface without any warning or 'push back' on the solar wind," says Dr. Andrew Poppe of the University of California, Berkeley. Recently, however, an international fleet of lunar-orbiting spacecraft has detected signs of the moon's presence "upstream" in the solar wind. "We've seen electron beams and ion fountains over the moon's day side," says Dr. Jasper Halekas, also of the University of California, Berkeley."

"These phenomena have been seen as far as 10,000 kilometers (6,214 miles) above the moon and generate a kind of turbulence in the solar wind ahead of the moon, causing subtle changes in the solar wind's direction and density. The electron beams were first seen by NASA's Lunar Prospector mission, while the Japanese Kaguya mission, the Chinese Chang'e mission, and the Indian Chandrayaan mission all saw ion plumes at low altitudes. NASA's ARTEMIS mission has now also seen both the electron beams and the ion plumes, plus newly identified electromagnetic and electrostatic waves in the plasma ahead of the moon, at much greater distances from the moon. "With ARTEMIS, we can see the plasma ring and wiggle a bit, surprisingly far away from the moon," says Halekas. ARTEMIS stands for "Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun".

"An upstream turbulent region called the 'foreshock' has long been known to exist ahead of the Earth's bow shock, but the discovery of a similar turbulent layer at the moon is a surprise," said Dr. William Farrell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Farrell is lead of the NASA Lunar Science Institute's Dynamic Response of the Environment At the Moon (DREAM) lunar science center, which contributed to the research.

"It's remarkable that electric and magnetic fields within just a few meters (yards) of the lunar surface can cause the turbulence we see thousands of kilometers away," says Poppe. When exposed to solar winds, other moons and asteroids in the solar system should have this turbulent layer over their day sides as well, according to the team.
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/ ... -moon.html

Yet....NASA computer simulations theorize that the flow of the solar wind and sunlight acting on the lunar surface is responsible for a "complex electric field". Then why is it a sudden surprise?

The moon generally has a very weak surface magnetic field, but some anamolies do exist:-
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... _field.jpg
(Total magnetic field strength at the surface of the Moon as derived from the Lunar Prospector electron reflectometer experiment.)

The moon DOES have a global magnetic field of varying strength. But it does not have a “magnetosphere”:-
"A magnetosphere is formed when a stream of charged particles, such as the solar wind, interacts with and is deflected by the magnetic field of a planet or similar body." - Wikipedia

"Mini-magnetospheres" have been known about for some time:-

"Two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar wind interaction with the magnetized regions on the surface of the Moon suggest ``mini-magnetospheres'' can form around the regions on the Moon when the magnetic anomaly field strength is above 10 nT at 100 km above the surface (for a surface field strength of 290 nT) and when the solar wind ion density is below 40 cm-3, with typical observations placing anomalous magnetic field strengths around 2 nT at 100 km above the surface. The results suggest that not only can a bow shock and magnetopause form around the small anomalies, but their position and shape can change dramatically with changes in the solar wind conditions. A switch from southward to northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) causes the size of the mini-magnetosphere to increase by 90% and the magnetic field at various positions inside the bow shock to increase by a factor of 10."
Source:-
Two-dimensional MHD simulation of the solar wind interaction with magnetic field anomalies on the surface of the Moon
Harnett, Erika M.; Winglee, Robert
Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 105, Issue A11, p. 24997-25008
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGR...10524997H


Regardless....the NASA discovery of a "magnetic foreshock" 10,000 km above the moon as well as labelling the moon "electric" shows that it also generates an electric current.

Following story from NASA:-

NASA Science News - Nov 6th, 2006

"Near the end of the mission of Apollo 16, on April 24, 1972, just before returning back home to Earth, the three astronauts released one last scientific experiment: a small "subsatellite" called PFS-2 to orbit the Moon about every 2 hours.

“The intention? Joining an earlier subsatellite PFS-1, released by Apollo 15 astronauts eight months earlier, PFS-2 was to measure charged particles and magnetic fields all around the Moon as the Moon orbited Earth. The low orbits of both subsatellites were to be similar ellipses, ranging from 55 to 76 miles (89 to 122 km) above the lunar surface."

“Instead, something bizarre happened.

“The orbit of PFS-2 rapidly changed shape and distance from the Moon. In 2-1/2 weeks the satellite was swooping to within a hair-raising 6 miles (10 km) of the lunar surface at closest approach. As the orbit kept changing, PFS-2 backed off again, until it seemed to be a safe 30 miles away. But not for long: inexorably, the subsatellite's orbit carried it back toward the Moon. And on May 29, 1972—only 35 days and 425 orbits after its release—PFS-2 crashed.
"What happened? The Moon itself plunged the subsatellite to its death. That's the conclusion of Alex S. Konopliv, planetary scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena."

"The Moon is extraordinarily lumpy, gravitationally speaking," Konopliv continues. "I don't mean mountains or physical topography. I mean in mass. What appear to be flat seas of lunar lava have huge positive gravitational anomalies—that is, their mass and thus their gravitational fields are significantly stronger than the rest of the lunar crust." Known as mass concentrations or "mascons," there are five big ones on the front side of the Moon facing Earth, all in lunar maria (Latin for "seas") and visible in binoculars from Earth."
http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/sc ... _loworbit/

Where are these Mascons?

"Type examples of mascon basins on the Moon are the Imbrium, Serenitatis, Crisium and Orientale impact basins, all of which possess prominent topographic lows and positive gravitational anomalies" - Wikipedia

And those magnetic anamolies?

"Previous work has shown that the strongest concentrations of lunar crustal magnetic anomalies are located antipodal to four large, similarly aged impact basins (Orientale, Serenitatis, Imbrium, and Crisium)."
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/2 ... 2405.shtml

"Magnetic mapping shows that the lunar magnetic fields are strong antipodal to Mare Imbrium and Mare Serenitatis and has discovered the smallest known magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and bow shock complex in the solar system"
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/281/5 ... 5.full.pdf

"Surface topography and total magnetic field strength of the ~550-km-diameter Crisium impact basin."
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v4 ... 65_F1.html

"By tracking the velocity of the spacecraft, mission scientists can infer the forces acting upon it. For over 99 percent of the duration of the mission (excepting only periods when the engines are being fired) the only force on Lunar Prospector is gravity. Thus, by simply circling the Moon and sending signals back to Earth, Lunar Prospector has mapped the Moon's global gravitational field."

"This diagram shows the three new mascons identified on the near side of the moon. The top segment for each location shows topography. The segment beneath shows the gravity field which, surprisingly, is particularly strong in the center of each area where the topography is low. The Mare Humboldtianum location includes a third segment below the gravity field as identified by Lunar Prospector. This third segment shows the gravity field as measured before Prospector."
http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/printerready/ ... pp-ge.html


Diagram:-
http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/printerready/ ... ns_big.jpg

Remember that surface map of the magnetic field strength of the Crisium basin?

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v4 ... 5-f1.2.jpg

And….

“Total magnetic field strength at the surface of the Moon as derived from the Lunar Prospector electron reflectometer experiment. The data are presented in two hemispheric Lambert azimuthal equal area projections, and the color bar is scaled logarithmically. The color gray corresponds to a lack of data.”
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... _field.jpg

Updated magnetic map:-
http://core2.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/pur ... index.html

Compared with the latest gravitational maps:-
http://lunarnetworks.blogspot.co.uk/201 ... ghest.html

Do they seem to share a pattern?

Is gravity an electro-dynamic force?

99% of the visible universe is made up of a substance known as “Plasma”.

“Plasma is the fourth state of matter. It differs from solids, liquids and gases in so far as it's atoms are divided into free-floating 'negative' electrons and 'positive' ions (an atom which has lost its electron/s). It is sometimes referred to as an ionized gas.”

“Due to its interaction with electromagnetism, plasmas display a complexity in structure far exceeding that of matter in gaseous, liquid, or solid states. It has a tendency to form into cellular and filamentary structures.”
http://www.plasmacosmology.net/

Birkeland Currents are a prominent feature in space plasma. They are named after the Norwegian scientist Christian Birkeland.

“Birkeland proposed in 1908 in his book The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition 1902-1903[5] that polar electric currents, today referred to as auroral electrojets, were connected to a system of currents that flowed along geomagnetic field lines into and away from the polar region. Such field-aligned currents are known today as Birkeland currents in his honour.” - Wiki

"Birkeland currents are also one of a class of plasma phenomena called a z-pinch, so named because the azimuthal magnetic fields produced by the current pinches the current into a filamentary cable. This can also twist, producing a helical pinch that spirals like a twisted or braided rope, and this most closely corresponds to a Birkeland current. Pairs of parallel Birkeland currents will also interact due to Ampère's force law: parallel Birkeland currents moving in the same direction will attract each other with an electromagnetic force inversely proportional to their distance apart"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkeland_current

Electric currents create magnetic fields. Here is a video demonstration of electro-magnetic fields in two closely adjacent wires:-

“Two flexible wires are suspended vertically. The wires are conected in series or parallel to a 12V storage battery. When the wires are connected in series and power is applied they will repel each other; when they are connected in parallel they weill attract one another.

This effect is due to the magnetic fields created by the charge flowing through the wires. When the wires are in parallel, the currents in each are going in the same direction and thus attract.”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43AeuDvWc0k

Birkeland Currents – Electro-magnetic “wires” in space:-

Image of field-aligned current pairs:-
http://www.towardsoneworld.eu/images/Bi ... urrent.jpg

"In addition to confining plasma in filaments radially, the axial current flow produces another important effect; a long-range interactive force on other galactic filaments. Because of the guiding magnetic Bz, the particles spiral as they drift (or accelerate, because of Ez), thereby producing an azimuthal component in the generalized current I = ZIz + 0Io. The resultant forces are long-range attractive (F ~ -r -1) and short-range repulsive (F ~ +r-3)."

Source:-
http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/G ... edir_esc=y


"What happens is that electrons nearer the centre of the filament flow in almost straight lines and generate an azimuthal magnetic field around them. Electrons further from the centre are influenced by this azimuthal component of the magnetic field and move in a more helical path aligned with the main current direction. This helical motion creates the straighter magnetic field lines near the axis, as shown in the following diagram. The nearer the centre of the filament, the straighter are the magnetic field lines and the paths of the electrons."
http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/wp-cont ... 50x622.jpg

“Any individual electron in the current is thus flowing along the magnetic field direction in its own vicinity, but collectively the filament is preserved even without an external magnetic field. This means that very large currents can be assembled out of small current elements and transmitted over huge distances."
http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2011/12 ... chapter-6/

Twisted current filaments in the Double Helix Nebula near the center of the Milky Way, in infrared light. Image credit: NASA/JPL - CalTech/UCLA
http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/wp-cont ... 78x336.jpg


The Father Of Plasma Cosmology

“In the 20th century no scientist added more to our knowledge of electromagnetism in space than Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995). His insights changed the picture of the universe, revealing the profound effects of charged particle movement at all scales of observation. But recognition never came quickly, and never easily, and mainstream journals typically regarded Alfvén as an outsider, often rejecting his submissions. In retrospect, Alfvén’s difficulties in gaining acceptance can only highlight the inertia of institutionalized ideas in the sciences, reminding us of the obstacles faced by all of history’s great scientific innovators.

Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1970 for his contribution to physics, Alfvén emerged as a towering critic of directions in astronomy, cosmology, and astrophysics. Though he was surely not correct on everything he proposed, decades of space exploration eventually confirmed a lifetime of observations and hypotheses, often with implications that many space scientists did not want to hear. “In the world of specialized science,” wrote plasma scientist Anthony Peratt, “Alfvén was an enigma. Regarded as a heretic by many physicists, Alfvén made contributions to physics that today are being applied in the development of particle beam accelerators, controlled thermonuclear fusion, hypersonic flight, rocket propulsion, and the braking of reentering space vehicles.” – “The Plasma Universe of Hannes Alfven”, David Talbott, Thunderbolts.info

Alfvén’s Heliospheric Circuit.
Image:-
http://www.holoscience.com/wp/wp-conten ... 00x488.jpg

“The Sun acts as a unipolar inductor (A) producing a current which goes outward along both the axes (B2) and inward in the equatorial plane along the magnetic field lines (B1). The current must close at large distances (B3), either as a homogeneous current layer, or — more likely — as a pinched current. Analogous to the auroral circuit, there may be double layers (DLs) which should be located symmetrically on the Sun's axes. Such double layers have not yet been discovered.” Credit: Original diagram by H. Alfvén, NASA Conference Publication 2469, 1986, p. 27.

Notice the Birkeland currents at the poles?

Is the sun the result of a plasma “pinch” in a stellar electric discharge (powerful Birkeland Currents)?

“A pinch is the compression of an electrically conducting filament by magnetic forces. The conductor is usually a plasma, but could also be a solid or liquidmetal. In a z-pinch, the current is axial (in the z direction in a cylindrical coordinate system) and the magnetic field azimuthal; in a theta-pinch, the current is azimuthal (in the theta direction in cylindrical coordinates) and the magnetic field is axial. The phenomenon may also be referred to as a "Bennett pinch"[1](after Willard Harrison Bennett), "electromagnetic pinch",[2] "magnetic pinch",[3] "pinch effect"[4] or "plasma pinch".[5]
Pinches occur naturally in electrical discharges such as lightning bolts,[6] the aurora,[7] current sheets,[8] and solar flares.[9] “ – Source: Wiki

Excerpt from my world exclusive report about stars apparently being created in cosmic filaments:-

“A summary of a report on the discovery was published on the ESA website on 13 April last year that explained these gas clouds contain filamentary structures that span distances of many light years and that newly-born stars had been observed to be forming in some of these filaments. The discovery came as a “very big surprise” to the scientists. Regardless, the scientists, who work with the Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, hypothesised that such formations are the manifestation of shockwaves deriving from the “sonic booms” of exploding stars.”

“Physicist Wallace Thornhill, in a 2007 paper titled “Electric Stars” for the IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science journal, described these filamentary structures as manifestations of massive electrical arc discharges -- effectively a form of (long-lasting) cloud-to-cloud lightning in space. These discharges scavenge and squeeze matter along the filamentary discharge channels and the current “pinches off” where the squeeze is most intense, forming plasma “beads” and then scattering them. Thornhill also stated that the formation of plasma beads from such discharges has been replicated in the laboratory. Hence, scientists considering the discoveries by ESA’s Herschel space telescope of filamentary regions of star formation should really give plasma cosmology due consideration.”
http://en.zaman.com.tr/en/newsDetail_ge ... ewsId=5780


The sun is a plasmoid resulting from a stellar discharge, but what keeps it discharging?

“There are three distinctly different steady state modes in which a plasma can operate:
1. Dark Current Mode - The strength of the electrical current (flow of charged particles) within the plasma is very low. The plasma does not glow. It is essentially invisible. We would not know a plasma was there at all unless we measured its electrical activity with sensitive instruments. The present day magnetospheres of the planets are examples of plasmas operating in the dark current mode.
2. Normal Glow Mode - The strength of the electrical current (flow of charged particles) is significant. The entire plasma glows. The brightness of the glow depends on the intensity of the current in the plasma. Examples: Any neon sign. Emission nebulae. The Sun's corona.
3. Arc Mode - The strength of the electrical current in the plasma is very high. The plasma radiates brilliantly over a wide spectrum. Current tends to form twisting filaments. Examples of this mode of operation are: An electric arc welding machine. Lightning. The Sun's photosphere.”
Donald Scott, Ret. Professor of Electrical Engineering.
http://electric-cosmos.org/electricplasma.htm

“Alfvén pioneered the stellar circuit concept and it seems his ‘wiring diagram’ is essentially correct but incomplete because it does not show the star’s connection to the larger galactic circuit. Alfvén remarked, “The [stellar] current closes at large distances, but we do not know where.” Plasma cosmologists have supplied the answer by mapping the currents flowing along the arms of spiral galaxies. It is but a small step from there to see that all stars are the focus of Z-pinches within a galactic discharge. Normally the current flows in ‘dark mode’ so we don’t usually see the spectacular bipolar ‘wiring harnesses’ of hyperactive stars.” - Wal Thornhill, Plasma Physicist.

If the sun is a plasmoid within a dark-mode Birkeland Current (as suggested from evidence at its poles), then can this explain the behaviour of the planets rotating around it?

Birkeland Current image:-
http://www.towardsoneworld.eu/images/Bi ... urrent.jpg

Are the planets rotating within the circular magnetic fields associated with the solar filaments?

And what of the moon and the Earth?


If the moon is an electrically charged body moving within the azimuthal (circular) magnetic field extending outward from the sun – then why is it attracted to the Earth?

Did the moon at some point in the past enter in close proximity to the Earth and become associated with the azimuthal (circular) magnetic field of the Earth?

“Ampère's force law: parallel Birkeland currents moving in the same direction will attract each other with an electromagnetic force inversely proportional to their distance apart” - Wiki

If the moon (as a charged body) is moving within the sun’s azimuthal (circular) magnetic field (and is thus generating its own electric current) at a sufficient distance from the Earth, then it is also moving in the same direction as the Earth. The moon pulls on the Earth, the Earth pulls the moon. But the Earth has a much stronger electromagnetic field, and thus causes the moon to orbit the azimuthal (circular) magnetic field generated by the Earth (which is also a mobile charged body with its own electric current).

This is the principle of gravity. A relative electromagnetic force.

There are VERY significant observations regarding “gravity” and the electrical force:-

“After all, the electrical and gravitational forces share fundamental characteristics—they both diminish with the inverse square of the distance; they are both proportional to the product of the interacting masses or charges; and both forces act along the line between them.” – Wal Thornhill, Plasma Physicist.

The answer has been here all along.

The closer you get to the Earth, the stronger the force. While the moon is a charged body being pulled by the Earth – why do uncharged (“neutral”) bodies on the surface of the Earth fall to the ground? The answer is incredibly simple.
If the Earth is a charged object which possesses magnetic fields (only electric currents can produce magnetic fields) then it exerts a pull on everything on the external face of this electro-magnetic sphere. Neutral objects are pulled Earthwards because the electrons in the neutral object are repelled, and this leaves the positive charges facing the Earth and thus becoming attracted to it. An example can be compared when you rub a comb on your hair on a dry day, hold the comb down and then move some bits of paper near the comb - the (neutral) paper is attracted to the comb.

Earth’s rocks contains non-magnetic rocks as well as rocks with weak to strong electro-magnetic fields running through them.

The electric nature of gravity explains why both the magnetic field and (“gravitational pull”) are strongest at the polar regions:-
http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0610/g ... n_3-lg.jpg
(The green area is the zone of highest gravitational strength)

http://www.appinsys.com/globalwarming/E ... age005.jpg
(The red area is the zone of the highest magnetic strengths)

The magnetic force of the Earth is exceptionally weak compared to a strong fridge magnet. However, this is a good thing. If it was the same strength, it would be very difficult and exhausting for any creature to move.

What is “weight” or “mass”?
It is simply the total force of the positive charges in an object that is being pulled by the earth’s electro-magnetic field. The further you get away from it, the lower amount of force being pulled until the eventual point of weightlessness in space – as you enter the Earth’s more circular (azimuthal) magnetic field as part of the Birkeland current associated with the parallel field of the moon.

Electric currents create magnetic fields. “Gravity” is an electromagnetic relative force.

Copyright (c) 2012 - Hossein Turner.
http://hozturner.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06 ... olved.html

[PersianPaladin]

IMPLICATIONS -


The key observations here are the azimuthal field of the sun driving planetary orbital rotation, and the field-aligned currents of the Moon and Earth moving in this same direction, and thus generating attractive forces. The rest can be construed from there.


If the electromagnetic field of the earth is constant, then it means that neutral objects above it are going to constantly have a particular internal atomic charge-distribution relative to the Earth. Of course, actual experiments will need to be done to verify these assumptions.

Look at what "grounding" advocates say. They say that without direct contact with the Earth - the body gains excess positive charge relative to the Earth. Contact with the Earth results in more electrons entering the body, and thus resulting charge equalisation with the more negatively charged Earth. This slightly negatively charged Earth may well be relative to the sun.

Hence, falling objects should have an excess positive charge relative to the Earth until they mostly equalize upon contact. However - this might be a triboelectric effect that lasts for a brief amount of time:-

http://www.siliconfareast.com/tribo_series.htm

[PersianPaladin]

But WAIT! Why does loose material on the surface of the Earth have the same charge as the rest of the Earth (or even when it is floating above the Earth?). Firstly, think of this analogy:-

Place a few coins onto the surface of a fridge magnet and layer the coins on top of each other. Notice how the magnetic force reduces with each layer?

The Earth may work the same way. Earth’s rocks contains non-magnetic rocks as well as rocks with weak to strong electro-magnetic fields running through them. It may also contain an iron\nickel core. Iron has excellent electrical conductivity in comparison to many surface rocks which do not allow electrons to flow as freely. Electron flow may become disrupted further up.

The only elemental iron known on Earth has come in the form of meteorites entering the Earth's atmosphere:-

http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/mix1.jpg

Elemental iron rusts and turns into iron oxide on sufficient contact with oxygen. It also crystallizes upon external exposure to the heat of entry into the Earth's atmosphere. However, iron in its pure form is a very soft white material, and this has sometimes been extracted from the interiors of several meteorites.

Why would meteorites contain so much iron? While only a small percentage of meteorites are pure iron - they do suggest a possibility with regard to the formation of some space matter.

Marklund Convection

http://www.holoscience.com/wp/wp-conten ... tion-2.jpg

"This diagram shows the true nature of the filaments inside the molecular cloud. The electric field vector (E) and helical magnetic field configuration (B) are shown. Inward Marklund convection of ions at velocity, V, across a temperature gradient, ∇T, is a mechanism for rapid filament formation and chemical separation in cosmic plasma so the heavy elements (“metals” in astrophysics-speak) are found on-axis and must therefore constitute the core matter of stars, not hydrogen!" - Wal Thornhill, Plasma physicist.
http://www.holoscience.com/wp/alfven-tr ... e=4eefp0kj


If the core of stars are heavy metals, then why not the core of planets?

[PersianPaladin]

Some people have been objecting to the simplicity of my theory, by raising the simple issue of EM shielding which cancels out the Earth's Magnetic Field.

Well, here's a possible solution to that problem.

Take a look at this diagram as a general guide:-
http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/mfwire.htm

Consider this water falling under the force of gravity:-

"A stream of water pinching into droplets has been suggested as an analogy to the electromagnetic pinch.[37] The gravity accelerates free-falling water which causes the water column to constrict. Then surface tension breaks the narrowing water column into droplets (not shown here) (see Plateau-Rayleigh instability), which is analogous to the magnetic field which has been suggested as the cause of pinching in bead lightning.[38] The morphology (shape) is similar to the so-called sausage instability in plasma."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water-pinching.jpg

Now - it looks like a mini-tornado. Matter is being pulled into the vortex. The current direction is in the form of electrons moving upward. Could this upward movement of the current and downward movement of electrons (as in conventional current) be taking place in all earth-derived materials (perhaps something to do with innate magnetic remanence/memory in all earth-derived objects) and this causes a downward vortex pressure on all things as a DEFAULT state?

Tornadoes cause an upward pressure, and thus suggest that the main current is coming downwards from clouds within an interesting and often locally complex circuit.

So - the answer as to why if you stand in a room that blocks the Earth's magnetic field with "shielding" - you still experience gravity, could be as follows:-

The electrons move upward from the Earth and enter the conductive shielding material. This then results in a cancellation of the field and a new field being generated in the conductive shield:-

"Electrical conductivity is a prerequisite for an
EMI shielding material. This is due to the physical phenomenon that electric fields and varying magnetic fields
induce currents in the electrically conducting shielding material. In turn, these currents generate counteracting
fields which weaken - or in the ideal case cancel - the originally applied fields. Ideally, external fields stay
outside the shielding material, and internal fields stay inside"
Source:-
http://www.materialenkennis.nl/dico/Use ... lyCond.pdf

However - this does not mean that the conductive material generates no EM field. This is a good case in point:-

"Multiple layer shields are usually larger and are used frequently in a research environment where it is not only necessary to shield out the earth’s magnetic field, but in some cases, create a new magnetic field inside the shield which has known characteristics regarding stability and field strength over given moments in time."
http://www.magneticshields.co.uk/multis ... 7&Itemid=7

So - you can shield out the external Earth EM field or some other foreign EM field and have an EM field with unique characteristics particular to the material involved. Yet, gravity remains - how can this be?

Let's look at what the mainstream says about how each piece of matter in the universe has its own gravity. Their argument then goes onto say that the more of this matter and resulting mass - results in a stronger field. But what if this is not true?

What if even the smallest piece of matter generates roughly the same EM field strength as the Earth does on average? What if it does this through some form of innate remanence where the current direction is ALWAYS flowing upward into space and towards the poles and the azimuthal field of the Earth? What if the current is strictly aligned with the magnetic field in a vortex that pulls everything downward in the vicinity of this matter? That exacts a force on positive charges in separate objects (with their own respective fields).


To summarise on my hypothesis, here is an example for the lay person:-

With the current moving upwards, electrons flowing downwards in a spiralling pattern at the same strength as that coming upwards from the floor. This pulls on your body, a separate plasma environment -and the attraction is because of the nature of parallel currents attracting and thus creating a configuration of dipoles in the body to pull your mass downwards.

On a more serious note - this depends on a remanent magnetism in all matter which has a current direction heading spaceward. The Earth's EM field is typically Direct Current, albeit the magnetism has changed in the past, and this has been recorded in many Earth rocks as part of paleomagnetism. Now, think about why matter such as pottery can record EM field changes:-

"As early as 1899, Giuseppe Folgheraiter showed that pottery of different ages recorded a large shift—more than 60°—in Earth’s field direction over a period of seven centuries."
http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/ ... ypassSSO=1

"rocks on the seafloor record ancient reversals of the Earth’s magnetic field: as rocks are formed where plates are moving away from one another, they record the current direction of the Earth’s magnetic field, which flip-flops irregularly over very long periods of time"
http://undsci.berkeley.edu/lessons/pdfs ... woflow.pdf

YES, I know EU people dispute paleontological age-verification techniques, but this doesn't have to be the case everywhere. It's a clue.

More on paleomagnetism, with samples gathered from around the world:-
http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~rcoe/eart206/Co ... ence69.pdf

It's as if everything, by DEFAULT - wants to point to the direction of the EM field and the associated current. If the current paths are recorded in clay pottery and rock strata, then this gives rise to the possibility that all matter on Earth wants to form an ambient magnetic-field and current direction flowing within the recorded structure. If the EM field changes, then this will eventually have a baring on the rocks or matter involved. But they will record this within themselves at the same time - and possibly show an ability to switch to any particular direction of the Earth's past magnetism and current-direction. Of course, this can be periodically disturbed by localized forces.

This is a hypothesis anyway.

[PersianPaladin]

A look at the MicroCosmic\Macrocosmic interaction


At the solar-system level there is an attraction between every rotating dipole (e.g. planets and moons and the sun) as they are basically moving in the same current-direction and hence parallel. Therefore, we should see the same microcosmic picture inside these spherical planets and moons that also attract each other proportional to the EM current in each. We should, in effect, see atoms (as a microcosm of planets) acting like electrostatic dipoles that, in turn, result from the subtrons revolving inside and around the protons and neutrons (a reference to the work of Ralph Sansbury).

The subtrons of each subatomic particle should in effect be parallel currents in the same direction; whilst the differing proportion and sum of their mass results in a positive and negative charge at both poles of an atom - which results in a distortion of overall "neutral" atoms attracting other "neutral" atoms via the subtrons of other atoms with a "gravity" force. This force, of course - cannot be measured by the flow of electrons because it happens at a level below the energy-signature of conventional EM. But it is still a manifestation of EM. And of course, the greater "mass" of atoms and their respective subatomic and subtron particles results in a cumulatively stronger gravitational pull on other atoms and their components. Why? Because mass is simply a function of the electrostatic force at the subtron level. Electromagnetism is simply the force at a macroscopic level resulting from greater bulk movements - i.e. in the form of electrons moving from atom to atom and generating unique fields of force outside the atom.