Pulsed Power

[junglelord]

I know that Tesla had equal mass for each section.
Equal mass was the key to balance b/t primary and secondary....all you need is a scale.

[fzzzy]

Check out what Dollard says at around 47:45 in the Longitudinal Electricity video.

Eric: Tesla found that when the copper weights or conductor weights are equal in the primary and secondary that he got the best effects. Weight can be best expressed, rather than weight in volume in this case, [when taking into account] the skin effect it finally solves to equal surface area.

Peter: Ok, the surface area of the primary equals to the surface area, the effective surface area... [of the secondary]

Eric: Yeah, that's what eventually you would strive for, but the simplest way to do it is by volume.

Peter: Mmm-hmm

Eric: And these are designed on a per volume basis, equal primary and secondary volume of copper. The reason that all the little wires are used to connect to the capacitor is to eliminate the skin effect and reduce the stray inductance in that area.

Peter: So that the magnetism stays inside the enclosed loop.

Eric: Inside the coil, inside the closed loop, around.

Tom: Could you hold that up so that we can show how it's connected on to the capacitor, it's not real clear.

Peter: Tilt the thing up maybe?

Tom: Ok. Gonna focus in here

Eric: So even though the currents and voltages might be small in the receiving coil you still have to use high voltage and high current apparatus to keep the resonant frequencies sharp. It's very important that the effective resistance of all this be kept very low. That's the reason for using sheet copper or multiple strands of smaller conductors.

So it seems that Dollard is pointing out that you actually have to optimize FOR the skin effect, instead of trying to optimize it out as is customary. Keeping the electricity on the skin of the "conductor" (reflector) means the surface areas of the two coils are in resonance with each other rather than the less efficient resonance of the electrons inside the wire.

It seems like modern man has learned how to use excess force to get all that resistance out of those electrons wobbling in "conductors", and has designed his devices around that, when really we need to learn how to optimize for the skin effect, to skip the electricity across the reflector like a stone across a pond...

Maybe this could even be applied to computer chips that run without generating all the heat they do now. We would have to redesign all our circuit layout software to take into account the third "dimension", and automatically resize elements in relation to each other to optimize efficiency...

[Jarvamundo]

To me, after Dollard, and some readings of Tesla patents (magnetically dampened spark gaps)... this is not where tesla was going (AC sinusoidal transverse).... he was going after the pulse... He was actually trying to slam shut the electricity, prior to setup of current... this also relates to the 'quick' high rpm parameter change. "Change the parameters BEFORE they are used through decay"...

"RPM is the key", all Tesla's devices spun at some horrible velocity" - E.P.D.

"Most are clueless about the importance of the Variation of Inductance and Capacitance with respect to time – and synchronous parameter variations". - E.P.D.

Makes you wonder if a pulsar is not indeed spinning...everything spins.

note: synchronous... right angles lock your dimensions in... parameter changes therefore must be synchronized.

I think when he talks RPM, he's talking as in a way to mechanically produce parameter changes in experiments.

I believe this is the origin of the quote "RPM is the key". It's not strictly RPM that is the key; it is simply that the faster the RPM of the spark gap device, the smaller the time of the impulse.

Tesla only had wood, wire, magnets and mechanics... The techniques in his patents are purely to make a sharp pulse, with the available materials. Spin the spark away from the conductors, magnetically damp the spark away.

in other words, to render the duration of each impulse, alternation, or oscillation of the current extremely small

This is all about fast parameter changes...

Dollard refers to this as "dimensionality", or "right angles" and also draws each wave form on many diagrams.
Bearden refers to this as "the energy is fraam yaaaww taiiime doomaaain silly"
Meyl does not focus on the wave diagram so much, he does however distinctly mention the use of MOSFET semiconductors as a modern means to achieve the pulse without spark gaps and high potential (voltage). Without having studied his circuit diagrams, me thinks his "function" generator would switch between sinusoidal for transverse demonstration, and pulse for longitudinal.

We are all on the same page here

It would really help if all above would stop using their own terminology, meet up and decide on some. I'm with Dollard... ditch 'scalar wave' it's stoopid.

Your comments about skin effect are excellent fzzzy.

I know that Tesla had equal mass for each section.
Equal mass was the key to balance b/t primary and secondary....all you need is a scale.

Some thoughts:
Mass is an easy short way to measure volume and surface area when your using single strand copper wires tesla did. It scales well enough, since you have the same material weight. It's interesting to note that Tesla also pioneered multiple stranded wire.

Dollard however is using coaxial, with the center strand, or thick plastic insulator not playing any role in the experiment. So if you are using coaxial for the primary and something else for the secondary... you are better off either calculating the surface area.

For single strand copper windings use mass (it's good enough)
For alternative material windings, either calculate your surface area(2piRH), or measure by volume (dunk it in bucket of measured water)

Interestingly in other patents, Tesla mentions the 'loose coupling' of the primary to the secondary... I'm sure there would be some maths involving the optimal parameters here.

This all seems very natural.
The key is to forget the terminology, which most of todays textbook-educated parrots build their nest in, and naturally build the picture using the Dollard Diagrams. (eg, what does he mean by mass of wire, but then uses 2 different materials. What does he mean by parameter changes and rpm.)

excellent work team

[junglelord]

"...Tesla had long investigated the use of pure dielectric field energy, a stream of aether whose individual pulsations were so very ultra short that science had never found a means to harness the energy impulses. Tesla later held the opinion that dielectric current was composed of radiant particles, aetheric in nature. He therefore sought natural sources in which native dielectric fields could be used as they were, without the need for mammoth voltage "shocks" to stigmata aetheric currents. Tesla knew that if dielectric aether streams could be directly engaged, a true world of the future would be in his grasp. Furthermore, the mass-production of thousands and ten thousands of such power receiver would be an unstoppable army. An army of miniatures, which could never be torn down...."

"...It was everywhere, a natural emanation whose potentials far out proportioned conventional notions of power. Indeed, the early conception of natural radioactivity as an energetic source was nothing in comparison to the potential power inherent in dielectric streams. The new technology would use ultra-short pulsing aether streams, energies that occupied most of his latter press conferences in latter years. Study had convinced Tesla that the apparently smooth and native force characteristic of dielectric field energy was actually a particulate flux, a succession of ultra-short impulses. The derivation of such an impulse train would solve all energy needs for eternity with an elegance far out-reaching his own..."

"...Of a truth, dielectric energy was native source of incredible proportion and virtually eternal duration. Able to use such a kinetic source, one could dispense entirely with the Power Transmitters necessary in stimulating and impressing "extra pulsations" on the aether flow. Tesla often defined the dielectric field as a natural flow of aether particles, one that seemed impossible to utilize through lack of appropriate resistive materials. In order to obtain momentum from the flowing particles of a dielectric field, one required special matter poised in equally special symmetries. The otherwise continuous flow could be absorbed directly, being exchanged to utilities, appliances, and other applications...."

http://www.frank.germano.com/blackbox.htm

[Jarvamundo]

Some what related to "life giving" of the high potential dielectric stress...
http://www.urzeit-code.com/index.php?id=23

The Swiss pharmaceutical group patented the process – and then stopped the research in 1992. Why? Because "primeval cereals" generated by an electric field, in contrast to modern strains of seeds, require hardly any fertilisers or pesticides – i.e. crop protection agents, sold as priority products by Ciba at that time. The discovery was soon forgotten, without the global scientific community taking any notice.

[Jarvamundo]

FYI gents n ladies,

Great 3 part article from Gerry Vassilatos on Tesla's Wireless and the importance of Magnetic Arcs... of particular interest to the 'pulse' wave form of the dielectric, as discussed here in this thread, is the 'one way' function of the magnetic arc.

http://journal.borderlands.com/2010/the ... la-part-1/

MAGNETIC ARCS
Nikola Tesla now required greater power levels than those provided by his mechanical rotary switch system. He also saw the need for controlling ultra-rapid current interruptions of high repetition (“succession”) rates. No mechanical switch could perform in this manner. He had to envision and devise some new means by which ultra-rapid interruptions could be obtained. In his best and most efficient system, highly charged capacitors were allowed to impulsively discharge across special heavy duty magnetic arcs.

The magnetic arc gap was capable of handling the large currents required by Tesla. In achieving powerful, sudden impulses of one polarity, these were the most durable. Horn shaped electrodes were positioned with a powerful permanent magnetic field. Placed at right angles to the arc itself, the currents which suddenly formed in this magnetic space were accelerated along the horns until they were extinguished. Rapidly extinguished!

Arcs were thus completely extinguished within a specified time increment Tesla configured the circuit parameters so as to prevent capacitor alternations from occurring through the arc space. Each arc discharge represented a pure unidirectional impulse of very great power. No “contaminating current reversals” were possible or permissible

Reversals.. alternations.. would ruin the “shock broadcast”. The effect was never observed when alternating currents were engaged. High voltage was supplied by a large dynamo. Tesla could speed or slow this dynamo with a hand operated rheostat. Power was applied in parallel across the capacitor. The magnetic arc was linked almost directly to one side of this capacitor, a long and thick copper strap connecting the magnetic arc and the far capacitor plate.

This simple asymmetric positioning of the magnetic arc discharger to one side of the dynamo supply produced pure unidirectional electropositive or electronegative impulses as desired. Tesla designed this very simple and powerfully effective automatic switching system for achieving ultra-rapid impulses of a single polarity. Capacitor values, arc distances, magnetic fields and dynamo voltages were all balanced and adjusted to yield a repetitive train of ultrashort singular impulses without “flyback” effects.

The system is not really well understood by engineers, the exceptional activities of the arc plasma introducing numerous additional features to the overall system. While the effects which Tesla claimed can be reproduced with electron tube impulse circuitry, these produce decidedly inferior effects. The overall power of the basic arc discharge is difficult to equal. Tesla eventually enclosed the magnetic arc, immersing the gap space in mineral oil. This blocked premature arcing, while very greatly increasing the system output.

Most imagine that the Tesla impulse system is merely a “very high frequency alternator”. This is a completely erroneous notion, resulting in effects which can never equal those to which Tesla referred. The magnetic discharge device was a true stroke of genius.

Tesla's DC pulse power not AC pulse by means of magnetic (directional) quenching.

Thoroughly recommend the 3 part article. The distinctions made by Vassilatos are simply excellent. 99% of todays tesla coils are clearly lightning 'waste' machines for "show", completely erroneous application of what Tesla was investigating.

As if Tesla's understood achievements aren't enough... what a genius and true natural philosopher. gobsmacked.

[fzzzy]

Jarvamundo, that is an excellent set of articles. I just finished reading the portion on Tesla in "secrets of cold war technology" by Vassilatos. His writing on the subject is clearly incredibly well researched and written in a very clear and highly illuminating manner. Highly recommended.

[Jarvamundo]

http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/ ... 2010-06-18

Which is to say, it looks pretty weird. Not only is the radiation tightly focused in space, it is tightly focused in time -- a pulse that originally takes, say, 10 seconds to generate might be squeezed into 1 millisecond as all the electromagnetic wavefronts get jammed together. The temporal focusing causes the radiation to spread out over a wide swath of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, the focusing provides a degree of amplification, causing the intensity of the radiation to diminish not with the inverse square of the distance but with the inverse distance.

This focusing could be very useful for transmitting radio waves with a minimum of power, but Singleton and Schmidt's main interest is applying the idea to astrophysics -- in particular, to pulsars. Astrophysicists think these objects are hyperdense neutron stars that generate radio pulses as they spin, much like a lighthouse. But they have struggled to explain why the radio pulses are so sharp and why they appear over such a broad range of the spectrum.
[....]
Singleton says the basic principle of FTL currents goes back to work by English physicist Oliver Heaviside and German physicist Arnold Sommerfeldt in the 1890s, but was forgotten because Einstein's theories dissuaded physicists from thinking about FTL phenomena, even those that evaded the theories' strictures. I've only just touched on this engrossing physics and I recommend you read the team's papers, beginning with this one. "People just don't think about things moving faster than the speed of light," Singleton says. "This is a completely wide open and unexplored field."

ok... not quite Tesla IMT, but definitely promising investigations. Velocity of light limit taboo seems to be lifting?

http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.0399

[fzzzy]

Check out this thread over on energetic forum:

http://www.energeticforum.com/renewable ... spark.html

It starts with some cool spark gap experiments, schematics provided. Very simple. I am going to try replicating one.

Then the thread goes all over the place into some very interesting territory.

[junglelord]

Arc is DC Impulse, while a spark is a AC discharge....I had read that thread, thanks for adding a link to us on that thread, very cool.

[Jarvamundo]

http://vimeo.com/13167370

More gold...