Re: A (near) Complete model of the Universe
Posted: Fri May 27, 2022 2:31 am
Wikipedia: A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current ) is a set of currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere. In the Earth's magnetosphere, the currents are driven by the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field and by bulk motions of plasma through the magnetosphere (convection indirectly driven by the interplanetary environment).
Plasma-Universe: A Birkeland current usually refers to the electric currents in a planet’s ionosphere that follows magnetic field lines (ie field-aligned currents), and sometimes used to describe any field-aligned electric current in a space plasma.[3] They are caused by the movement of a plasma perpendicular to a magnetic field. Birkeland currents often show filamentary, or twisted “rope-like” magnetic structure. (They are also known as field-aligned currents, magnetic ropes and magnetic cables).
Sun's Magnetic Field Impacts Earth's Thunderstorms
https://eos.org/research-spotlights/sun ... nderstorms
During the study period, the HCS [heliospheric current sheet] passed Earth 141 times. The polarity of the Sun’s magnetic field switched from pointing away from Earth to pointing toward Earth 75 times. A switch in the opposite direction occurred 66 times. The researchers found that thunderstorms peaked within 1–2 days of each HCS crossing. Lightning rates increased just after each away-to-toward switch. Switches in the opposite direction coincided with an initial increase (during the “toward” period) followed by a decrease just after the HCS passed by (the “away” period).
Birkeland Current Google Images
https://www.google.com/search?q=birkela ... =657&dpr=1
[COMMENT: The image of Birkeland's terella with currents poking out of the Earth-like terella around each pole seems to be what they're all calling Birkeland currents. Am I right? Plasma-Universe has an image of Filamentation at https://www.plasma-universe.com/filamentation/ and below that image is an image of "Auroral filaments derived from Birkeland currents". What's the difference between the auroral filaments and Birkeland currents? In all of the above, where does it say Birkeland currents connect the planets? Then there's this video: NASA | Voyager Finds Magnetic Bubbles at Solar System's Edge at https://youtube.com/watch?v=5HbJiY1wATQ . The video says the HCS turns into bubbles at the heliosheath. The HCS isn't Birkeland currents, is it? The Google Images show a galactic filament pair that wrap around each other. But most of the filaments don't look like that. None of those are Birkeland currents, are they? The magnetosphere is about 500 km above the surface on the sunward side and trails off to 60,000 km on the dark side, so I guess the Birkeland currents must be confined to the sunward side where the magnetosphere is closest to the ionosphere, which latter is mostly over 50 km above Earth's surface.]
Plasma-Universe: A Birkeland current usually refers to the electric currents in a planet’s ionosphere that follows magnetic field lines (ie field-aligned currents), and sometimes used to describe any field-aligned electric current in a space plasma.[3] They are caused by the movement of a plasma perpendicular to a magnetic field. Birkeland currents often show filamentary, or twisted “rope-like” magnetic structure. (They are also known as field-aligned currents, magnetic ropes and magnetic cables).
Sun's Magnetic Field Impacts Earth's Thunderstorms
https://eos.org/research-spotlights/sun ... nderstorms
During the study period, the HCS [heliospheric current sheet] passed Earth 141 times. The polarity of the Sun’s magnetic field switched from pointing away from Earth to pointing toward Earth 75 times. A switch in the opposite direction occurred 66 times. The researchers found that thunderstorms peaked within 1–2 days of each HCS crossing. Lightning rates increased just after each away-to-toward switch. Switches in the opposite direction coincided with an initial increase (during the “toward” period) followed by a decrease just after the HCS passed by (the “away” period).
Birkeland Current Google Images
https://www.google.com/search?q=birkela ... =657&dpr=1
[COMMENT: The image of Birkeland's terella with currents poking out of the Earth-like terella around each pole seems to be what they're all calling Birkeland currents. Am I right? Plasma-Universe has an image of Filamentation at https://www.plasma-universe.com/filamentation/ and below that image is an image of "Auroral filaments derived from Birkeland currents". What's the difference between the auroral filaments and Birkeland currents? In all of the above, where does it say Birkeland currents connect the planets? Then there's this video: NASA | Voyager Finds Magnetic Bubbles at Solar System's Edge at https://youtube.com/watch?v=5HbJiY1wATQ . The video says the HCS turns into bubbles at the heliosheath. The HCS isn't Birkeland currents, is it? The Google Images show a galactic filament pair that wrap around each other. But most of the filaments don't look like that. None of those are Birkeland currents, are they? The magnetosphere is about 500 km above the surface on the sunward side and trails off to 60,000 km on the dark side, so I guess the Birkeland currents must be confined to the sunward side where the magnetosphere is closest to the ionosphere, which latter is mostly over 50 km above Earth's surface.]