Thunderbolts Forum v3.0

Moderator Note:
This thread is a continuation from here:
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/php ... 7&start=30



Galaxies ARE Electric

https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/php ... =3&t=17207

Continuing from v2.0.

Hot sloshing gas or Birkeland Currents?

"ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray observatory has spied hot gas sloshing around within a galaxy cluster – a never-before-seen behaviour that may be driven by turbulent merger events."

https://www.everythingselectric.com/eie-153/
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration ... xy_cluster

"“We selected two nearby, massive, bright and well-observed galaxy clusters, Perseus and Coma, and mapped how their plasma moved – whether it was moving towards or away from us, its speed, and so on – for the first time,” says Jeremy Sanders of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching, Germany, and lead author of the new study."

"Jeremy and colleagues found direct signs of plasma flowing, splashing and sloshing around within the Perseus galaxy cluster – one of the most massive known objects in the Universe, and the brightest cluster in the sky in terms of X-rays. While this kind of motion has been predicted theoretically, it had never been seen before in the cosmos."

“This indicates that there are multiple streams of material within the Coma cluster that haven’t yet come together to form a single coherent ‘blob’, like we see with Perseus.”

XMM-Newton has revealed, as with electric stars, it's all about the environment; the same is true for galaxies.

Open access paper can be found here: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2 ... 68-19.html

Moving charged particles from the Sun are called a “wind” instead of an electric current. Charged particles impinging on a planet or a moon are referred to as “rain” instead of an electrical discharge. Ionized particles moving within a helical magnetic field are called “jets of hot gas” instead of field-aligned flows of electricity. When abrupt changes in the density and speed of charged particles are observed, those changes are called “shock waves”. Birkeland frets from beyond the pale.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/0 ... ception-2/

Magnetic fields force new perspective on Milky Way's black hole

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-magnetic- ... black.html

Observations from Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) indicate that the magnetic field near our galaxy's core is strong enough to control the material moving around the black hole, even in the presence of the black hole's enormous gravitational forces.

The research, presented today at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society, could help answer longstanding mysteries about why our black hole is relatively quiet compared to others, and why the formation of new stars in our galaxy's core is lower than expected.

Using its newest infrared instrument to study celestial dust grains, which align perpendicular to magnetic field lines, SOFIA was able to produce detailed maps of our galactic center, showing the behavior of these otherwise invisible magnetic fields around the black hole.

"There are still aspects of our galaxy's black hole that we can't explain with gravity alone," said Joan Schmelz, director at the Universities Space Research Association, in Columbia, MD, and SOFIA senior science advisor. "Magnetic fields may be able to help solve these mysteries."

"Scientists have often relied on gravity to explain their results because measuring celestial magnetic fields is extremely challenging. But the data from SOFIA now compel scientists to consider their role. We know that magnetic fields in the Earth's magnetosphere protect us from high-energy particles coming from the Sun. They also control the plasma of the solar atmosphere, called the corona, where they create dramatic loops and powerful flares. SOFIA found that the magnetic field near the galactic center may be strong enough to control matter in way similar to the solar corona.

"More research is needed to understand magnetic fields' role at the center of our galaxy and how these strong forces fit in with gravity. However, these preliminary results can enhance our understanding of at least two long-standing, fundamental questions about star formation and black hole activity in our galactic center region. Even though there's plenty of raw material to form stars, the star formation rate is significantly lower than expected. Additionally, our black hole is relatively quiet compared to those at the centers of many other galaxies. The strong magnetic field could explain both—it could keep the black hole from swallowing the matter it needs to form jets and also suppress the birth of stars.

Studying magnetic fields in the far reaches of the galaxy and beyond requires remote observations by telescopes like SOFIA. Flying at an altitude of 45,000 feet, above 99% of the Earth's water vapor, SOFIA is able to capture a unique view of the infrared universe, while landing after each flight so that it can be upgraded with the latest technology. For this result, SOFIA used the High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-Plus, or HAWC+ instrument, which was built at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, to study magnetic fields.

"The data provide the most detailed look yet at the magnetic fields surrounding our galaxy's central black hole," said David Chuss, a coauthor of the paper at Villanova University in Pennsylvania. "The HAWC+ instrument has improved the resolution by a factor of 10 and increased the sensitivity, which represent a revolutionary step forward."

But what is the cause of the observed magnetic fields? Electric currents perhaps?

Study finds that patterns formed by spiral galaxies show that the universe may have a defined structure

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-patterns- ... verse.html

https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.02963

An analysis of more than 200,000 spiral galaxies has revealed unexpected links between spin directions of galaxies...Patterns in the distribution of these galaxies suggest that spiral galaxies in different parts of the universe, separated by both space and time, are related through the directions toward which they spin, according to the study.

In a Big Bang universe controlled by gravity, influenced by dark matter and dark energy- why would spiral galaxies be unexpectedly linked? Such a feature would surely be a natural outcome of the Plasma/Electric universe.

NGC 4217

https://phys.org/news/2020-07-cosmic-ma ... y-ngc.html
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2 ... 75-20.html

When evaluating the data from NGC 4217, the researchers found several remarkable structures. The galaxy has an X-shaped magnetic field structure, which has also been observed in other galaxies, extending far outwards from the galaxy disk, namely over 20,000 light years.

In addition to the X-shape, the team found a helix structure and two large bubble structures, also called superbubbles. The latter originate from places where many massive stars explode as supernovae, but also where stars are formed that emit stellar winds in the process. Researchers therefore suspect a connection between these phenomena.

"It is fascinating that we discover unexpected phenomena in every galaxy whenever we use radio polarization measurements," points out Dr. Rainer Beck from the MPI for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, one of the authors of the study. "Here in NGC 4217, it is huge magnetic gas bubbles and a helix magnetic field that spirals upwards into the galaxy's halo."

And yet, no mention of the electric currents that generate all this "unexpected phenomena".

Robertus Maximus wrote: ↑Wed Jun 03, 2020 3:05 pm Magnetic fields force new perspective on Milky Way's black hole

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-magnetic- ... black.html

Observations from Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) indicate that the magnetic field near our galaxy's core is strong enough to control the material moving around the black hole, even in the presence of the black hole's enormous gravitational forces.

The research, presented today at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society, could help answer longstanding mysteries about why our black hole is relatively quiet compared to others, and why the formation of new stars in our galaxy's core is lower than expected.

Using its newest infrared instrument to study celestial dust grains, which align perpendicular to magnetic field lines, SOFIA was able to produce detailed maps of our galactic center, showing the behavior of these otherwise invisible magnetic fields around the black hole.

"There are still aspects of our galaxy's black hole that we can't explain with gravity alone," said Joan Schmelz, director at the Universities Space Research Association, in Columbia, MD, and SOFIA senior science advisor. "Magnetic fields may be able to help solve these mysteries."

"Scientists have often relied on gravity to explain their results because measuring celestial magnetic fields is extremely challenging. But the data from SOFIA now compel scientists to consider their role. We know that magnetic fields in the Earth's magnetosphere protect us from high-energy particles coming from the Sun. They also control the plasma of the solar atmosphere, called the corona, where they create dramatic loops and powerful flares. SOFIA found that the magnetic field near the galactic center may be strong enough to control matter in way similar to the solar corona.

"More research is needed to understand magnetic fields' role at the center of our galaxy and how these strong forces fit in with gravity. However, these preliminary results can enhance our understanding of at least two long-standing, fundamental questions about star formation and black hole activity in our galactic center region. Even though there's plenty of raw material to form stars, the star formation rate is significantly lower than expected. Additionally, our black hole is relatively quiet compared to those at the centers of many other galaxies. The strong magnetic field could explain both—it could keep the black hole from swallowing the matter it needs to form jets and also suppress the birth of stars.

Studying magnetic fields in the far reaches of the galaxy and beyond requires remote observations by telescopes like SOFIA. Flying at an altitude of 45,000 feet, above 99% of the Earth's water vapor, SOFIA is able to capture a unique view of the infrared universe, while landing after each flight so that it can be upgraded with the latest technology. For this result, SOFIA used the High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-Plus, or HAWC+ instrument, which was built at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, to study magnetic fields.

"The data provide the most detailed look yet at the magnetic fields surrounding our galaxy's central black hole," said David Chuss, a coauthor of the paper at Villanova University in Pennsylvania. "The HAWC+ instrument has improved the resolution by a factor of 10 and increased the sensitivity, which represent a revolutionary step forward."

But what is the cause of the observed magnetic fields? Electric currents perhaps?

Of course, but unfortunately that's the forbidden topic in astronomy today. You really cannot have sustained magnetic fields in a mostly plasma universe without 'currents' to sustain them. They won't talk about even an *electromagnetic* universe, but one isn't possible without the other in plasma.

"An international research team has now analysed the magnetic field of the Milky Way-like galaxy NGC 4217 in detail on the basis of radio astronomical observations and has discovered as yet unknown magnetic field structures. "

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 132850.htm

A_D_E wrote: ↑Thu Jul 23, 2020 1:53 pm "An international research team has now analysed the magnetic field of the Milky Way-like galaxy NGC 4217 in detail on the basis of radio astronomical observations and has discovered as yet unknown magnetic field structures. "

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 132850.htm

"Here in NGC 4217, it is huge magnetic gas bubbles and a helix magnetic field that spirals upwards into the galaxy's halo."

The analysis moreover revealed large loop structures in the magnetic fields along the entire galaxy. "This has never been observed before," explains Yelena Stein.

Those "structures" are clear evidence that "Birkeland currents" wire entire galaxies together.

Any chance they will acknowledge that and refer to them as Birkland currents?

Wow. Be sure to check out the data visualization picture on the source page: https://news.rub.de/english/press-relea ... y-ngc-4217

A_D_E wrote: ↑Fri Jul 24, 2020 2:21 pm Any chance they will acknowledge that and refer to them as Birkland currents?

Unlikely. They'd have to embrace Birkeland's *entire* body of work as it relates to space, and that scares them to death.

The problem is that there's no simple way from make-believe to reality. The moment they are forced to give up their blind faith in metaphysics, they are forced to embrace a truly "scientific" empirical path to explaining the universe, starting with aurora. It's *the* most natural place to begin our understanding of the universe around us.

Sooner or later private companies will learn to travel through and with those currents and we won't have to bring all our energy with us.

through and with

Exactly. Not until they can figure out a economic/political control method.

Double bubble

First, we had chimneys:
http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/ ... Way_s_core

Now, we have double bubbles:
https://www.newscientist.com/article/22 ... y-bubbles/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586- ... entist.com

"The sharp boundaries of these bubbles trace collisionless and non-radiative shocks, and corroborate the idea that the bubbles are not a remnant of a local supernova but part of a vast Galaxy-scale structure closely related to features seen in γ-rays."

Astronomers are still clueless, if it's not a supermassive black hole or supernovae, they are at a complete loss; they have no fundamental understanding of the real nature of galaxies including the Milky Way.

Robertus Maximus wrote: ↑Wed Dec 09, 2020 8:30 pm Double bubble

First, we had chimneys:
http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/ ... Way_s_core

Now, we have double bubbles:
https://www.newscientist.com/article/22 ... y-bubbles/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586- ... entist.com

"The sharp boundaries of these bubbles trace collisionless and non-radiative shocks, and corroborate the idea that the bubbles are not a remnant of a local supernova but part of a vast Galaxy-scale structure closely related to features seen in γ-rays."

Astronomers are still clueless, if it's not a supermassive black hole or supernovae, they are at a complete loss; they have no fundamental understanding of the real nature of galaxies including the Milky Way.

So, as the paper suggests, it's basically a larger and a lower-energetic counterpart of Fermi bubbles.

Fractal galaxies can be electrically created inside vacuum chamber with tesla coils when correct conditions are met, thus experimentally proving galaxies are electric.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/forum3/ph ... f=11&t=195