Calculating Gravitational Forces using Coulomb’s electrical constant rather than Newton’s gravitational constant.
This shouldn’t of course be possible because electromagnetism and gravity are supposed to be incompatible.
So let’s see how, then we will get onto the why.
We’ll calculate the force of attraction between two stars of about the sun’s mass (2*10^30 Kg), made entirely of hydrogen, that are one parsec apart (3.0857*10^16 Km).
Knowing Avagadro’s number, 6.022*10^23 , the number of atoms in each kilogram of each star is
1000*6.022*10^23 = 6.022*10^26 atoms
So the number of atoms in each star is
2*10^30 * 6.022*10^26 = 1.2044*10^57
And this is the same as the number of nucleons ( in this case just protons) in these stars.
Now by applying a factor (that we will talk about later) of 1.43*10^-37 coulombs per nucleon, the charge on each star can be calculated as,
1.43*10^-37 * 1.2044*10^57= 1.7223*10^20 Coulombs
So the force of repulsion between these two suns is given by Coulombs equation F= k*q1*q2/ d^2
And is
F = 8.99*10^9 * 1.7223*10^20 * 1.7223*10^20 / (3.0857*10^13 )^2 = 2.80*10^23 Newtons.
So what has this got to do with gravity.
Well if we apply Newtons equation F= G*m1*m2/d^2 to this problem , we find the force of attraction,
F= 6.67*10^-11 * 2*10^30 * 2*10^30 / (3.0857*10^13)^2 = 2.80*10^23 Newtons
So both methods give the same result… a rather amazing finding.
If we merely count the number of nucleons in each of the two bodies and apply a fixed charge 1.43*10^-37 Coulombs to each nucleon, then we can calculate the numerical ‘gravitational’ force of attraction between two bodies using Coulombs equation.
Ok, gravity is attractive and the Coulomb force is expansive, but Electromagnetism and Gravity are not supposed to be related. Certainly not in such a simple way.
Let’s just check this isn’t a fluke.
Let’ do a calculation for two 1 Kg Iron spheres 1 metre apart.
We’ll do the gravity thing first so the Gravitational force of attraction is given by,
F= 6.67*10^-11 * 1 *1 / (1)^2 = 6.67*10^-11 Newtons
And using electric (electromagnetic) principles,
The Atomic weight of Iron is 55.845.
So 55.845 Kg of Iron consist of 6.023*10^26 Atoms of Iron
So each 1Kg sphere of Iron contains 1* 6.023*10^26 /55.845 = 1.0785*10^25 Atoms
So taking into account the isotopic mix, Each Iron sphere contains
1.0785*10^25 * 55.845 = 6.023*10^26 Nucleons
Applying the factor of 1.43*10^-37 coulombs per nucleon, the charge applicable to each Iron sphere is
6.023*10^26 * 1.43*10^-37 = 8.613*10^-11 Coulombs
So the gravitational force between the two Iron spheres calculated from electrical principles is
F = 8.99*10^9 * 8.613*10^-11 * 8.613*10^-11 / 1 = 6.67*10^-11 Newtons.
So again merely by counting the number of nucleons in each of two bodies and applying a fixed charge of 1.43*10^-37 Coulomb’s to each nucleon, we can calculate the numerical ‘gravitational’ force of attraction between two bodies using Coulomb’s equation.
So where does this factor of 1.43*10^-37 coulombs per nucleon come from?
Once one recognises that Newton’s equation and Coulomb’s equation are equivalent the numerical value of this constant is easily obtained using two hydrogen atoms.
The gravitational force between two hydrogen atoms (mass 1.66*10^-27 Kg) 1 metre apart is given by
F=G m1*m2/d^2 = 6.67*10^-11 * 1.66*10^-27 * 1.66*10^-27 / (1)^2 = 1.838*10^-64 Newtons
And as this force F is also given by Coulombs equation,
We can write F=k q1*q2/d^2
In this case q1= q2, And we can rearrange to write, q1 = √(F* d^2/k )
So, q1 = √(1.838*10^-64 * (1)^2/8.99*10^9 ) = 1.43*10^-37 coulombs
As each hydrogen atom only has one nucleon (a proton), this charge 1.43*10^-37 coulombs is the charge that needs to be applied to each nucleon in order to calculate gravitational force using simple electric (electromagnetic) theory.
In the standard particle and space, big bang cosmology there is no explanation for why this simple relationship exists. But in a Universe built from electrical quantum processes, ‘gravitational’ attraction can be predicted and explained in terms of the speed of quantum electrons in the nucleons of atom holons and the speed of light.
Also, of interest to proponents of the Electric Universe, the quantum processes and holon paradigm, requires only one force of nature, the electromagnetic force, to explain the reality of the Universe that we see around us. The strong and weak nuclear forces are not required.
A full explanation is set out in the videos referenced below. Part 12c, is most relevant to this post. But the four videos in sequence give an overall view of the comprehensive nature of the quantum process and holon paradigm.
I hope you found this post interesting.
Thank you for reading it.
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12a, Faraday’s experiments and the Earth’s magnetic field.
https://youtu.be/OJZvYOxBtm8
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12b, The stability of matter.
https://youtu.be/2Ow5z9i8s6k
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12c, Uniting the forces of nature.
https://youtu.be/E4rUXXkms7o
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12d, The double slit experiments and series summary,
https://youtu.be/Ywwrq-LYdkw
Calculating Gravitational Forces using Coulomb’s electrical constant rather than Newton’s gravitational constant.
This shouldn’t of course be possible because electromagnetism and gravity are supposed to be incompatible.
So let’s see how, then we will get onto the why.
We’ll calculate the force of attraction between two stars of about the sun’s mass (2*10^30 Kg), made entirely of hydrogen, that are one parsec apart (3.0857*10^16 Km).
Knowing Avagadro’s number, 6.022*10^23 , the number of atoms in each kilogram of each star is
1000*6.022*10^23 = 6.022*10^26 atoms
So the number of atoms in each star is
2*10^30 * 6.022*10^26 = 1.2044*10^57
And this is the same as the number of nucleons ( in this case just protons) in these stars.
Now by applying a factor (that we will talk about later) of 1.43*10^-37 coulombs per nucleon, the charge on each star can be calculated as,
1.43*10^-37 * 1.2044*10^57= 1.7223*10^20 Coulombs
So the force of repulsion between these two suns is given by Coulombs equation F= k*q1*q2/ d^2
And is
F = 8.99*10^9 * 1.7223*10^20 * 1.7223*10^20 / (3.0857*10^13 )^2 = 2.80*10^23 Newtons.
So what has this got to do with gravity.
Well if we apply Newtons equation F= G*m1*m2/d^2 to this problem , we find the force of attraction,
F= 6.67*10^-11 * 2*10^30 * 2*10^30 / (3.0857*10^13)^2 = 2.80*10^23 Newtons
So both methods give the same result… a rather amazing finding.
If we merely count the number of nucleons in each of the two bodies and apply a fixed charge 1.43*10^-37 Coulombs to each nucleon, then we can calculate the numerical ‘gravitational’ force of attraction between two bodies using Coulombs equation.
Ok, gravity is attractive and the Coulomb force is expansive, but Electromagnetism and Gravity are not supposed to be related. Certainly not in such a simple way.
Let’s just check this isn’t a fluke.
Let’ do a calculation for two 1 Kg Iron spheres 1 metre apart.
We’ll do the gravity thing first so the Gravitational force of attraction is given by,
F= 6.67*10^-11 * 1 *1 / (1)^2 = 6.67*10^-11 Newtons
And using electric (electromagnetic) principles,
The Atomic weight of Iron is 55.845.
So 55.845 Kg of Iron consist of 6.023*10^26 Atoms of Iron
So each 1Kg sphere of Iron contains 1* 6.023*10^26 /55.845 = 1.0785*10^25 Atoms
So taking into account the isotopic mix, Each Iron sphere contains
1.0785*10^25 * 55.845 = 6.023*10^26 Nucleons
Applying the factor of 1.43*10^-37 coulombs per nucleon, the charge applicable to each Iron sphere is
6.023*10^26 * 1.43*10^-37 = 8.613*10^-11 Coulombs
So the gravitational force between the two Iron spheres calculated from electrical principles is
F = 8.99*10^9 * 8.613*10^-11 * 8.613*10^-11 / 1 = 6.67*10^-11 Newtons.
So again merely by counting the number of nucleons in each of two bodies and applying a fixed charge of 1.43*10^-37 Coulomb’s to each nucleon, we can calculate the numerical ‘gravitational’ force of attraction between two bodies using Coulomb’s equation.
So where does this factor of 1.43*10^-37 coulombs per nucleon come from?
Once one recognises that Newton’s equation and Coulomb’s equation are equivalent the numerical value of this constant is easily obtained using two hydrogen atoms.
The gravitational force between two hydrogen atoms (mass 1.66*10^-27 Kg) 1 metre apart is given by
F=G m1*m2/d^2 = 6.67*10^-11 * 1.66*10^-27 * 1.66*10^-27 / (1)^2 = 1.838*10^-64 Newtons
And as this force F is also given by Coulombs equation,
We can write F=k q1*q2/d^2
In this case q1= q2, And we can rearrange to write, q1 = √(F* d^2/k )
So, q1 = √(1.838*10^-64 * (1)^2/8.99*10^9 ) = 1.43*10^-37 coulombs
As each hydrogen atom only has one nucleon (a proton), this charge 1.43*10^-37 coulombs is the charge that needs to be applied to each nucleon in order to calculate gravitational force using simple electric (electromagnetic) theory.
In the standard particle and space, big bang cosmology there is no explanation for why this simple relationship exists. But in a Universe built from electrical quantum processes, ‘gravitational’ attraction can be predicted and explained in terms of the speed of quantum electrons in the nucleons of atom holons and the speed of light.
Also, of interest to proponents of the Electric Universe, the quantum processes and holon paradigm, requires only one force of nature, the electromagnetic force, to explain the reality of the Universe that we see around us. The strong and weak nuclear forces are not required.
A full explanation is set out in the videos referenced below. Part 12c, is most relevant to this post. But the four videos in sequence give an overall view of the comprehensive nature of the quantum process and holon paradigm.
I hope you found this post interesting.
Thank you for reading it.
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12a, Faraday’s experiments and the Earth’s magnetic field.
https://youtu.be/OJZvYOxBtm8
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12b, The stability of matter.
https://youtu.be/2Ow5z9i8s6k
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12c, Uniting the forces of nature.
https://youtu.be/E4rUXXkms7o
Reality and Consciousness, Part 12d, The double slit experiments and series summary,
https://youtu.be/Ywwrq-LYdkw