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Comets: Deep Impact
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Crater size
Thornhill: The impact/electrical discharge will be into rock,
not loosely consolidated ice and dust. The impact crater will
be smaller than expected.
see [
2005 July 03]
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Result
The occlusion of the impact site by the unexpected dust
cloud leaves this question of crater size unanswered. (Some
NASA investigators have suggested that the impact did not reach
a deep level, but so far the pronouncements on the subject
are quite contradictory because they're trying to explain things
they did not expect).
see [
2005 July 19]
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Changes to jets
Thornhill: Changes to the appearance of the jets may be seen
before impact.
see [
2001 Oct 18]
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Result
Failed electronics prevented any details from being seen
before impact. See previous observation.
see [
2005 July 08]
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Arcs will be hotter than expected
Thornhill: Any arcs generated will be hotter than can be explained
by mechanical impact. If temperature measurements are made
with sufficient resolution, they will be much higher than expected
from impact heating.
see [
2005 July 03]
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Result
Though we've found nothing from NASA relating to the temperatures
of the explosion, we said that the discharge would be "hotter
than can be explained by mechanical impact. If temperature
measurements are made with sufficient resolution, they will
be much higher than expected from impact heating". On
this one we are confident as ever.
see [
2005 July 08]
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High-energy electrical noise
Thornhill: The signature of an electrical discharge would be
a high-energy burst of electrical noise across a wide spectrum,
a "flash" from infra-red to ultraviolet and the enhanced
emission of x-rays from the vicinity of the projectile. The
energy of a mechanical impact is not sufficient to generate
x-rays.
see [
2001 Oct 18]
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Result
So far there has been no indication that any instrument
based near or on Earth had the temporal or spatial resolution
to decide this issue.
see [
2005 July 19]
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Copious X-rays
Thornhill: X-rays will accompany discharges to the projectile,
which will not match X-ray production through the mechanics
of impact. The intensity curve will be that of a lightning
bolt (sudden onset, exponential decline) and may well include
more than one peak.
see [
2005 July 03]
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Result
So far there has been no indication that any instrument
based near or on Earth had the temporal or spatial resolution
to decide this issue.
see [
2005 July 19]
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Speed of transport
Electrical theorists suggest that NASA carefully review the
rate at which ejecta filled the coma. Could kinetic effects
(the effects of physical impact alone) have generated such
speeds? Acceleration of negatively charged material is a predictable
effect of electric discharge.
see [
2005 July 04]
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Result
See previous observation.
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Ionized copper
Thornhill: Copper atoms ionized to a surprisingly high degree
should be detectable from Earth-based telescopes.
see [
2001 Oct 18]
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Result
See previous observation.
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Heavy elements
Thornhill: If an arc is struck between the comet nucleus and
the projectile, we may expect to see metals such as Li, Na,
K, Ca, Mg and Fe in a flash spectrum before impact. They will
have been removed from the rocky comet in the cathode arc.
see [
2005 July 03]
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Result
See previous observation.
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Negative ions
Thornhill: NASA investigators should look for an abundance of
negative ions in the impact ejecta. This would be an obvious
signature of a negatively charged comet. Forbidden spectral
lines from negative oxygen ions have been detected spectroscopically
in comet comas in the past. They indicate the presence there
of a strong electric field.
see [
2005 July 03]
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Result
See previous observation.
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Sun
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Brightness of ENA's
Thornhill: The solar cycle is controlled by its local galactic
Z-pinch, so any variation in ENA’s may provide some clues about
the origin of the quasi-cyclic variability in the circuit supplying
DC electrical power to the Sun or “solar cycle.” The “brightness”
of the ENA’s should vary, probably out of phase with the solar
cycle.
see [
2009 Oct 20]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Moving bright spots
Thornhill: Given the detail in this model we should expect,
as more data comes in, that researchers may find in the ENA
“ribbon,” bright spots, filamentary structures, and movement
of the bright spots consistent with rotation of Birkeland current
filament pairs and their possible coalescence.
see [
2009 Oct 20]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Direction of cosmic rays
Thornhill: If the diagram above is close to the real situation
then we might expect cosmic-ray electrons to arrive from the
double layer in the opposite direction in the sky to the nuclear
cosmic rays.
see [
2009 Oct 20]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Shape of Sun's galactic plasma environment
Thornhill: The EU model confidently predicts that the shape
of the Sun’s galactic plasma environment is the hourglass,
Z-pinch shape of planetary nebulae and supernovae, aligned
with the local interstellar magnetic field.
see [
2009 Oct 20]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Mercury
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Surface composition
Thornhill: Mercury does not conceal a metal heart larger than
that of Mars. It will be found eventually to have a composition
and structure like that of similar looking bodies in the solar
system. Analysis of Mercury’s surface mineralogy will validate
that superficially at least
see [
2008 Jan 14]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Electrical scars
Thornhill: The surface of Mercury should exhibit global electrical
scarring features.... Cosmic discharges take the form of rotating
pairs of Birkeland filaments, which drill into a surface to
form rotary and corkscrew patterns. Corkscrew walled craters
are found on the Moon. In many craters the rotating Birkeland
filaments may leave a central peak untouched. Changing discharge
current may generate corkscrew patterns and pulsations in the
current or cylindrical particle beams create concentric configurations.
see [
2008 Jan 14]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Weak dipolar magnetic field
Thornhill: Mercury is likely to have a weak dipolar magnetic
field.
see [
2008 Jan 14]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Surface appearance
Thornhill: In the near vacuum at Mercury’s surface, electrons
will strike the surface and form more dense plasma. If sufficiently
dense, the plasma layer acts like a metallic surface coating
and returns a strong radar echo. I have addressed this issue
in the “The Shiny Mountains Of Venus.” [
2008 Jan 14]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Moon
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Craters and rilles
On September 14, 2007, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
(JAXA) launched the Selenological and Engineering Explorer
(SELENE) on a multi-year lunar orbit mission. In the next few
months, we predict that new images and telemetry will help
to confirm the theories of an early EU proponent, Ralph Juergens,
who has lent inspiration to new generations of investigators.
see [
2007 November 21]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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Mars
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Sulfurous smell
Stephen Smith: A sulfurous smell is sometimes reported after
thunderstorms have passed. The lightning bolts are strong enough,
apparently, to change some of the oxygen in the atmosphere
into sulfur that burns to become sulfur dioxide, a strong-smelling
compound. After an "electric dust devil" passes by
on Mars that same stench could be present. If our theory of
gigantic electric arcs large enough to carve Valles Marineris
is correct, a great deal of sulfur may have also been created
in that cataclysm and spread around the planet.
see [
2007 November 16]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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No evidence of flowing liquid
When viewed more closely no evidence of flowing liquid will
be found.
see [
2007 May 14]
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Result
Awaiting sufficient data.
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Saturn
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Shape of hot pole
Thornhill: Returning to Saturn's polar very hot "tip",
it should be found on closer inspection to exhibit a similar
structure to the Venusian polar dipole. Its compactness is
due to the electromagnetic pinch effect where it enters Saturn's
atmosphere.
see [
2005 February 5]
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Result
Unknown
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Variable hot pole
Thornhill: The hot spot's behavior should be variable like that
on Venus and correlated with the appearance of Saturn's ring
spokes, which are a visible manifestation of a heightened equatorial
discharge in that part of Saturn's Faraday motor circuit.
see [
2005 February 5]
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Result
Unknown
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Saturn's moons
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Melted craters and rilles
Telesto, Calypso and Pandora may not have had their craters
and rilles softened by a layer of dust. Their craters and rilles
may have been literally softened by melting. Radar measurements
should be able to distinguish between the two.
see [
2007 May 15]
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Result
Awaiting sufficient data.
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Galvanic coupling
In a June 13, 2007 European Space Agency release it was announced
that two other moons of Saturn, Tethys and Dione, are “flinging
great streams of particles into space.” The Cassini Plasma
Spectrometer (CAPS) made the discovery when data from Saturn
revealed that a torus of charged particles surrounds the planet,
trapped within its magnetic field. So far, three moons have
demonstrated connections with a vast electric field that links
them to Saturn. We predict that other moons within the Saturnian
system will reveal similar galvanic coupling as more data is
received.
see [
2008 Feb 25]
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Result
Awaiting sufficient data.
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Cassini safe passage
Cassini has been in orbit around Saturn since July 1, 2004.
As it made its way into the electrically active environment
of the monstrous gas giant it slowly equalized its charge potential
with that of Saturn and its surroundings. It can be expected
that it is now at equilibrium with the ionized potential of
the system so there should be no arcing between the spacecraft
and Enceladus as it passes through the rarified vapor that
is being drawn upward from the moon’s fractured pole. There
is the remote possibility that Cassini will make contact with
a Birkeland current filament that is excavating material out
of the moon, but the coincidence would be surprising. For
all intents and purposes, there will be no effect on Cassini
when it encounters Enceladus at its closest approach.
see [
2008 Feb 25]
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Result
Awaiting sufficient data.
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Copious ice or water
Thornhill: So we should not be surprised if, under the orange
haze, that Titan has copious ice or water.
see [
2004 Jun 19]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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Polar warm spots
Thornhill: So it would not be surprising if Titan had warm spots
over the poles, like Venus.
see [
2004 Nov 25]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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Atmospheric components
Thornhill: And just as Mars has a whiff of the Venusian atmosphere,
with carbon dioxide and nitrogen as major constituents, we
may expect to find that the Titan atmosphere has some of the
smell of Venus about it.
see [
2004 Nov 25]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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Non-uniform cross-sectional area
Thornhill: Rivers maintain a constant cross-sectional area between
feeder channels. Lightning has no such constraint and may,
depending on the electrical nature of the surface, carve a
deep V-shaped channel or skim across the surface leaving almost
no trace. The renowned Hadley’s Rille on the Moon, visited
by astronauts, shows this characteristic. It may require a
Titan orbiter, though, before this kind of detail is available.
see [
2005 Jan 21]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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Europa
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Ice cracks
Thornhill: Europa receives a lot of attention because it is
thought to have an ocean that might harbour life hidden under
the icy surface. But if geologists' cracked ice models are
so wide of the mark then they may be disappointed. On the other
hand, the electrical model suggests a far more interesting
history of the solar system than textbooks allow!
see [
1999 October 21]
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Result
Awaiting sufficient data.
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Asteroid: Vesta
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Circular crater
Thornhill: I predict that the crater on Vesta, when photographed
more closely, will be circular also.
see [
1997 November 3]
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Result
Unknown
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Supernovae: SN1987A
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Axial rings
Thornhill, in a recent IEEE paper suggested (following Alfvén's
prediction of double layers occurring above the Sun's poles)
that the two smaller axial rings of Supernova 1987a are actually
glowing double layer phenomena. In other words, supernovae
are a catastrophic stellar electrical discharge. A hallmark
of double layers is their variability, or flickering, which
would match the observation that "isolated points of x-ray
emission have also been seen within the cloud that rise in
intensity and then fade away rather quickly."
see [
2007 November 15]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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ULXs
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ULXs
Mel Acheson: It’s likely that most ULXs will turn out to be
quasars that have been generated recently by the host galaxy.
see [
2008 January 3]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation
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Tunguska
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Increased density
The researchers will return to Tunguska this summer with plans
to drill beneath the bottom of Lake Cheko, hoping to find a
meteorite. From an Electric Universe perspective, if the Tunguska
explosion was the result of an electric discharge, a meteor
fragment may indeed be found, pointing to the source of the
discharge. But more likely, the increased density beneath the
lake could be the signature of the electric arc that excavated
the depression, producing the fused sands and soils of a fulgurite.
see [
2007 July 05]
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Result
Awaiting confirmation.
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