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Stars in Collision Part 1
Oct
30, 2009
Astronomers have recently
discovered a band of energetic
neutral atoms around the sky. This
discovery supports the hypothesis
that the Sun captured a previously
independent Saturnian system, in
which Saturn was the brown-dwarf
primary for the planets Earth, Mars,
and Venus.With gravity, there
is only one kind of star: condensed.
A cloud of gas collapses into a tiny
ball until nuclear fusion reactions
heat it to incandescence. (Never
mind that the cloud’s angular
momentum—which it must have to
generate a planetary accretion disk
later on—will stop the collapse long
before it becomes a tiny ball.)
With
electricity, there are two kinds
of stars: anodic and cathodic. The
anodic is the most common. It forms
in a z-pinch in galactic Birkeland
currents. The star acts as an anode
within a discharge that is driven by
an electron-dominated galactic
current. The Sun is the closest
example, and space probes enable us
to take measurements that can test
and articulate the model. Most stars
are driven, like the Sun, by current
densities in dark mode discharge.
It’s called “dark” only because it
doesn’t radiate in the visible
portion of the spectrum. In radio
and x-ray wavelengths, it “shines.”
However, the structure of the
z-pinch that generates and maintains
the star is better seen in planetary
nebulae and supernova remnants. The
nebulae are driven by current
densities in glow mode. We can see
the
structure of the z-pinch in
visible light. The galactic current
channel is composed of concentric
tubes of current filaments. The
tubes pinch down in the region in
which the star forms, taking on an
hourglass shape.
Near the star, electromagnetic
forces produced by the current
squeeze the plasma into bubbles. We
see the initial stages of this
process in the coronal mass
ejections (CMEs) on the Sun.
Toroidal, or ring, currents form
around the star in its equatorial
plane, and double layers (bright
“knots”) may appear in the helical
“jets” (which are also Birkeland
currents) that often emanate from
the star’s poles.
Since the star is positively charged
with respect to the galactic plasma,
a sheath forms around it. With the
gravity model of stars, the sheath
is understood as the shock front
between the stellar wind (assumed to
be particles “boiled off” the hot
star) and the interstellar gas
through which the star is moving.
Therefore, it must have a teardrop
shape, compressed on the leading
side and trailing off on the
following side. If it were visible,
it would look like a comet, and
comet-like condensations have been
observed in star-forming regions,
apparently confirming the model.
However, recent observations by the
IBEX satellite undermine the
confirmation. IBEX measures the
number and intensities of energetic
neutral atoms (ENAs) coming from all
over the sky. ENAs are generated
when fast-moving positive ions
(primarily protons) acquire an
electron and become electrically
neutral (a hydrogen atom). As ions,
the particles are confined to spiral
along the Sun’s magnetic field, but
the instant they combine with an
electron they fly off in a straight
line.
In the gravity model, the most
likely place for solar wind protons
to acquire an electron is in a
collision with a hydrogen atom in
the sheath. If the sheath has a
teardrop shape, ENAs should be more
or less evenly distributed around
the sky. The IBEX observations
revealed a band of increased ENAs
that is perpendicular to the
galactic magnetic field.
In the electric star model, this is
precisely the
location where the Sun’s neutral
sheet current would interact with
the galactic electron current in the
z-pinch. ENAs most likely acquire
their electrons from the galactic
current.
Mel Acheson
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