Here is a list of books that came out of the Jaynes book. I was able to get all but one in ebook. I need to read them again.
- I'll pop the list over on the Jaynes thread as well.
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B009MBTRHA
Gods, Voices, and the Bicameral Mind: The Theories of Julian Jaynes
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07MKPL1DF
The "Other" Psychology of Julian Jaynes: Ancient Languages, Sacred Visions, and Forgotten Mentalities
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07BFDFBFV
The Julian Jaynes Collection
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07NP5GXH8
I have this in paperback from 2009:
Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes's Bicameral Mind Theory Revisited
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0979074401
This is the 2nd edition from 2024:
Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes's Bicameral Mind Theory Revisited
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1737305550
I'll need to get a copy. HA!
About the author
It is unfortunate that so much of Julian Jaynes' work gets caught up in this whole argument over what is and isn't consciousness. I am of the school that had he just said the Dawn of the "Experience of Consciousness" in the title all would have been avoided.
I say unfortunate because it opens the door to a lot of unnecessary, and tedious, arguments over what words mean what. Were humans "conscious" prior to 2,000 BC (or thereabouts) or were they "unconscious?" Is consciousness limited to self-awareness (grounded in an internal experience of an 'I') or is it broader and more encompassing than that? Etc.
Jaynes and his disciples go to great lengths to limit consciousness to a very specific experience of self-awareness, thus they pinpoint a moment in time when we became "conscious". But why? You can agree with this theory and find it very persuasive and factually probable without getting into the whole rigmarole of consciousness. Hegel, for example, using a different route, came to an almost exact position. He just called it the evolution of "spirit" (self=soul=interior life)rather than consciousness.
Of course Jaynes is working from a more naturalistic, neurological understanding of the evolution of the human being than Hegel, which is why, perhaps, he and his disciples put so much emphasis on the question of consciousness. They are tortured to place consciousness within the gradual evolution of our species. The thinking is that as we developed greater and greater language complexity (specifically the use of symbol which "spatialized" the exterior world - or - as I prefer- drew a more pronounced division between internal and external) consciousness evolved. Prior to that moment our minds operated with little distinction between internal and external. Much like the schizophrenic mind, we "heard voices" in times of high stress and regarded them as external. (Schizophrenics and other people who experience auditory hallucinations hear them usually over their left shoulder.) This is all very persuasive and explains the omnipresence of idols and gods. That is, the voices (since they were not seen as internal in source) were attributable to external sources which were then invested with sacred and holy features.
Anyone who reads the Hebrew Bible, or just paid attention in Sunday school, knows that the primary feature of the Judaic religion was it assault on idols and the exaltation of a single off-world God. For Jaynes this destruction of idols was part of the evolving mind. Because we are increasingly becoming "conscious" we therefore no longer hear these voices or identify them as external, but rather now identify them as coming from within our own head. Thus idols begin losing their authority. So religion, consequently, must be reconstituted as an internal experience. Likewise for Hegel this introduction of an off-world God produces an internal relationship with an abstraction (Yahweh), and is indicative of an evolving internal life (which Christianity continues with the idea of sin, shame and forgiveness).
Simple right? So why get into the question of consciousness at all? Why not understand it simply as the increasing awareness of an internal self? The primitive mind, which Jaynes describes, vs the more modern mind which begins around 1200 BC? Why get into the question of consciousness at all? Why not call it "self-consciousness" and leave it at that?
The only reason I can come up with is that the ugly head of scientific dogma wants to make sure we all understand that consciousness is an outgrowth of human evolution. It is this materialistic viewpoint that wants to limit consciousnesses to a specific moment of evolution. But the sad truth is, you can read all these essays and Jaynes' work and substitute words like "self awareness" or "experience of consciousness" for the Jaysian's use of the word "consciousness" and nothing changes. NOTHING.
So why does any of this matter?
Because there are those of us who see the universe as primarily a conscience entity, whereby consciousness is all around us, external and internal and that all processes in nature make manifest consciousness. We, however, as humans have an awareness of consciousness through an awareness of self. This awareness is just a small fraction of the total consciousness, but it gives us access to the greater consciousness, which is evolving and us with it.
If you come from this point of view, nothing in Jaynes' argument is lost. In fact, you stand to gain a lot more from it. Because now you understand that the "bicameral" mind, as he calls it, can be a conscious mind, or a specific experience of consciousness, without a direct experience of an internal self as generating that consciousness or as the loci of that consciousness. And that on some level, this experience is still going on in the human psyche - such that we have access to a more primitive experience of consciousness and therefore on some level a greater, more abstracted psyche.
Isn't that much cooler! Why put the human psyche in a conscious box? It is completely unnecessary and I believe introduces an unfortunate bias into the argument that just shouldn't be there (and trust me, these people spend a lot of time defending it).
Why not just describe the phenomena and leave it at that? You're scientists, after all. Why get into speculation? I admit, my view point is equally speculative, but I don't pretend it isn't! It comes down to definitions and what you ultimately believe is the source of consciousness: Evolution or the Great Eternal Mind in the Sky (I joke, but basically, you get the idea.)